Background: Urinary incontinence is an important problem that is frequently seen in women and affects women’s health physically, psychologically, and socially and reduces women’s quality of life.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence in women, its affecting factors, and its effect on quality of life.

Methods: This study was conducted descriptively and cross-sectionally in the gynecology polyclinic of a university hospital in Izmir. The sample of the study consisted of 304 volunteer women living with urinary incontinence. The data were collected with urinary incontinence form, individual description form, and urinary incontinence quality of life scale. The number and percentage distributions, means, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

Results: The mean age of the women was 47.61 ± 11.43, 27% of them had stress, 35.2% of urgency, and 37.8% of mixed urinary incontinence. The majority of women experience urinary incontinence 1-2 times a day (42.4%) and for 1-2 years (33.2%). The mean total score of women urinary incontinence quality of life scale was 79.57 ± 15.05 and the mean of the total scores obtained from the subscales was as follows: behavioral restriction was 27.03 ± 5.86, psychological effect was 36.14 ± 6.50, and restriction of social life was 16.39 ± 3.97. A statistically significant difference was found between urinary incontinence quality of life scale total score means of women and some factors affecting women’s urinary incontinence (urgency and mixed urinary incontinence, duration, and frequency of urinary incontinence and such) (P <.05).

Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that all types of urinary incontinence are seen in one-third of women, are affected by many factors, and cause deterioration in the quality of life. Nurses should inquire urinary incontinence, which is frequently seen in women, know the factors affecting urinary incontinence, and screen women of all age groups. Thus, nurses will be able to take preventive measures regarding urinary incontinence, determine the factors affecting urinary incontinence, and provide necessary training and counseling by identifying risky women.

Background: Family-centered care and family nursing practices are important in supporting the health and development of the child, establishing cooperation with the family, and better understanding the family’s power and caregiving capacity. Measuring family nursing practice phenomena requires special attention.

Aim: This study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the family nurse caring belief scale in Turkish culture.

Methods: This methodological research was performed with a total of 317 nurses working in the primary care, and pediatric departments of health-care institutions and university hospitals under the Ministry of Health in Türkiye. Content validity, structure validity, internal consistency reliability, and item analysis methods were used to determine the psychometric properties of family nurse caring belief scale.

Results: According to the results of the explanatory factor analysis conducted on the Turkish version of family nurse caring belief scale, the scale had 4 sub-dimensions and accounted for 82.37% of the total variance. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit values of the scale calculated as χ2/SD = 4.434, RMSEA = 0.076, RMR = 0.025, SRMR = 0.065, GFI = 0.918, AGFI = 0.808, CFI = 0.957, NFI = 0.946, and NNFI = 0.958. In addition, item factor loads ranged between 0.479 and 0.943. The total Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found as 0.965, while that of its sub-dimensions ranged from 0.726 to 0.984.

Conclusion: The research has concluded that family nurse caring belief scale is a valid and reliable evaluation tool that can be applied specifically to Turkish society. The scale can be used in the research, training, and practices on family health nursing.

Background: Nurses are expected to demonstrate a high level of ethical skills and respect the patient's rights and values.

Aim: This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students.

Methods: This cross-sectional validity and reliability study was conducted in a private university. The total of 210 nursing students with clinical practice experience have participated in the study. Data were collected using an information form and an Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students.

Results: The language and content validity for the scale was found as 0.96. The factor analysis results revealed that the questionnaire has a three-dimensional structure as in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis results was demonstrated acceptable fit indices. The confirmatory factor analysis results show a good fit of the model. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.80.

Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students is a valid and reliable tool. This scale can be used to evaluate ethical sensitivity level to create a chance for planning interventions to improve the ethical decision-making skills of student nurses.

Background: Health professionals accompany patients with pain and suffering on their journey. Understanding the effect of empathy and emotional contagion, which is supposed to affect this journey, on compassion fatigue can help determine strategies to protect health professionals.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship and effect level among compassion fatigue, empathy, and emotional contagion in fourth-year nursing students.

Methods: The study was carried out between March 03, 2021, and March 15, 2021, with 207 students. In addition, it was carried out using the cross-sectional design, which is included in the scope of quantitative research methods. In the study, a further sample selection was not conducted and it was aimed to reach the entire population. Necessary permissions for the study have been obtained. The data were collected using “Introductory Information Form,” “The Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale,” “The Toronto Empathy Scale,” and “The emotional contagion scale.” The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, kurtosis, skewness, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman test. In addition, regression tests were applied for relational questions.

Results: About 91.8% of the participants were women and the average age was 22.10 ± 1.27. While compassion fatigue had a significant relationship with emotional contagion (P <.001), it does not have a significant relationship with empathy (P >.05). There is a significant relationship between emotional contagion and empathy. Empathy and emotional contagion had a significant effect on compassion fatigue (r = 0.411, P <.001). In addition, it was seen that 10.9% of the variance in compassion fatigue was explained by these 2 variables.

Conclusion: It was revealed that nursing students experienced compassion fatigue as a result of interaction with patients and their relatives during their clinical practice. Therefore, it is thought that empathic communication skills should be improved in nursing students without being under the effect of emotional contagion and without being harmed.

Background: Healthcare services, especially hospital environments, are considered to be “very hazardous” and risky work environments. Some problems related to employee health that arise due to the risks encountered in hospitals reduce job productivity, and cause financial loss, increased accidents while putting patients receiving care at risk.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to determine nurses’ attitude toward the risks in the work environment.

Method: It is a methodological study conducted with 504 nurses working in a university hospital, a Ministry of Health hospital and 2 private hospitals. The data were collected using the 8-question Personal Information Form and the 63-item draft version of “Nurses” Attitudes toward Work Environment Risks Scale.” Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), t-test, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient analysis were used to evaluate data.

Results: As a result of the item total score correlation analysis, the draft scale was reduced to 43 items with values <.40. Then, as a result of exploratory and CFA, it was seen that the scale had 2 factor structure divided into subscales as “institutional approach” and “individual approach.” Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found 0.94 for the overall scale, while it was 0.94 for the institutional approach subscale and 0.88 for the individual approach subscale. The scale is a 5-point Likert scale and higher scores indicate a positive attitude.

Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the “Nurses’ Attitudes toward Work Environment Risks Scale” is a valid and reliable measurement instrument, and it can be used to determine the attitudes of nurses working in hospitals.

Background: Mental fatigue has effects on many aspects of daily life. It causes many problems such as stress, anxiety, burnout, and depression in individuals. Therefore, it is important and necessary to determine mental fatigue. There is no detailed and multidimensional scale that can evaluate mental fatigue in Türkiye.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Mental Fatigue Scale.

Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 171 nurses in Türkiye between March and April 2021. Data were collected using an information form, the Mental Fatigue Scale, and the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Language validity and content validity were studied for regarding the adaptation. The construct validity of the scale was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by internal consistency reliability coefficient and item-total score correlation, tested with similar measurement tools, and test-retest reliability method was performed for time invariance.

Results: As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the 12-item and a single-factor structure of the Mental Fatigue Scale was determined. The factor loads of the items were between 0.40 and 0.75. The fit indices of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis were χ2/df = 1.723; standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.054; goodness of-fit index = 0.928; normed fit index = 0.916; comparative fit index = 0.935, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.065. Internal consistency reliability coefficients of the scale were 0.844. A strong positive correlation was found between the Chalder Fatigue Scale and the Mental Fatigue Scale.

Conclusion: The Turkish version of Mental Fatigue Scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to evaluate the mental fatigue level.

Background: Human and technology factors in healthcare can lead to errors that threaten human life. A strong patient safety culture in hospitals may be linked to better patient outcomes. Because of the potential for mistakes in surgical departments, surgical nurses are critical to establishing and maintaining a patient safety culture.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the patient safety culture perceptions of surgical nurses.

Methods: This descriptive study was performed with 206 nurses working in the surgical clinics and operating rooms of 1 university hospital, 2 public hospitals, and 1 private hospital. A “Questionnaire” and the “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture” were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using mean, number, and percentage values, 1-way analysis of variance, Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD), and chi-square tests.

Results: The study revealed that surgical nurses’ patient safety culture perception was at a medium level. The highest mean rate of positive responses in The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture came from “Teamwork within units” and the lowest mean rate of positive answers came from the “Non-punitive response to errors” subdimension. In addition, 85.7% of the surgical nurses did not report any errors in the previous 1 year, and nurses who had been working for ≥11 years submitted more error reports (P = .001).

Conclusion: Nurses’ patient safety culture perception was at a medium level. Recommendations for improving patient safety culture should include on-the-job training programs and improvements in employees’ working conditions.

Background: Extraordinary situations such as pandemics are unexpected, sudden, and life-threatening, a period of uneasy feelings and thoughts. The anxiety experienced by the social distance measures and curfews applied during the COVID-19 can lead to deterioration in the quality of sexual functions and relationships.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the effects of existential anxiety and neurotic anxiety experiences on the sexual lives of individuals during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The sample of the descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with 412 married individuals aged 18 and over. Data were collected online using the Personal Information Form, Existential Anxiety Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale between 01 April and 31 May 2020 analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.28 ± 6.72; 63.8% of the participants were women. During the days staying at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 13.3% of the participants stated a positive change in their sexual intercourse, and 20.4% had a negative change. It was observed that the Existential Anxiety Scale death anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale communication, satisfaction, avoidance, touch, and total scores of women were statistically significantly higher than men. According to multiple linear regression analyzes, it was determined that freedom in women predicted communication and touch. Trait anxiety predicted all sexual intercourse qualities and functions except communication and vaginismus. In males, death anxiety predicted touch, impotence, and premature ejaculation, and continuous anxiety affected all areas of sexual intercourse except premature ejaculation.

Conclusion: In the process of curfews implemented within the scope of COVID-19 measures, it can be said that individuals experience moderate existential anxiety and neurotic anxiety, and sexual functions and relationship quality deteriorate due to these anxieties.

Background: The menstrual cycle is a physiological process. However, many young and adult women can experience various physical and psychological complaints during their menstrual cycle. The most common and major gynecological complaint among women of reproductive age regarding their menstrual cycle is dysmenorrhea.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea with body mass index and nutritional habits in young women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at a university between May and December 2019. This study was carried out on 307 young women. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire, the visual analog scale, the dietary pattern index, and body mass index.

Results: The mean age of young women with primary dysmenorrhea was 20.84 ± 2.06 years. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 55.7%. The mean severity of menstrual pain was 7.16 ± 1.95. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was significantly correlated with age, age at menarche, body mass index, and dietary pattern index. It was determined that the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 1.18 times higher among young women in the much elevated and elevated group according to the dietary pattern index compared to young women in the low- and moderate-risk groups. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was also 1.06 times higher among young women who were overweight/obese according to body mass index compared to those who were underweight and normal.

Conclusion: Moderate positive correlations were detected between menstrual pain severity, body mass index, and dietary pattern index in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Nurses must be sensitive to primary dysmenorrhea and address it by organizing education/counseling activities (symposiums).

Background: Vaginal examination is a practice that is one of the approaches to assessing women’s health and that women experience numerous times throughout their lives. This examination is considered to be the most important parameter that is highly preferred by health professionals during the labour process and is especially necessary in the monitoring of the childbirth process.

Aim: This study aimed to enable performing vaginal examination where labor follow-up (pelvic structure’s suitability for labor, cervical dilatation, presentation and position of the fetus, and the release of amniotic fluid) is made in obstetrics, and partograph, which is the map of the progress of pregnancy, on the electronic medium.

Methods: A new device was planned to improve the system, increase the comfort of the patient, develop a device for enhancing the privacy of pregnant women during labor and minimizing the risk of infection in terms of health professionals, and to increase the effectiveness of labor follow-up with an artificial intelligence-assisted innovative device. A literature review was performed and the electronic touch and partograph device, considered a new invention, were designed. The drawing and design processes of the device were car-ried out by the researcher. Then, patenting processes and prototyping processes were conducted (Patent Number: TR 2017 08739 B).

Results: Manual vaginal touch often performed in labor follow-up increases the risk of infection both for pregnant women and health professionals. In this study, which was conducted based on these requirements, the research and development processes of an artificial intelligence-assisted innovative product that has yet to be used in Türkiye and the world and that enables electronic conduct of labor follow-up in obstetrics.

Conclusion: Considering the results of the Research & Development (R&D) process, it was determined that an innovative product that is safe both for pregnant women and healthcare personnel, supports patient and employee safety, and maintains the effectiveness of labor follow-up was created.

Background: Nurses are in the critical position of effectively communicating with patients with traumatic brain injury and their families.

Aim: The aims of this study were to develop and test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire to determine nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors on the cognitive–social communication skills of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Methods: Eighty-three nurses participated in this cross-sectional pilot study. Reliability–validity analyses were carried out using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: Exploratory–confirmatory factor analysis results were above the cutoff levels for the 3 subdimensions. The reliability coefficients were reported to be high. Responses were positively distributed among the 3 subdimensions.

Conclusion: The questionnaire was found to be reliable and valid. Results indicate that rehabilitation nurses’ behaviors support cognitive and social communication in their routine interactions with traumatic brain injury patients.

Background: Scales are widely used in scientific research. In Türkiye, many scales are used in midwifery. However, there is no standard approach to scale development and adaptation. To clarify this situation, it is extremely important to study the steps of scale development and adaptation.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the steps of scale development and adaptation used in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.

Methods: The study was conducted in a retrospective and descriptive design. The study population consists of scale studies specifically related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum in Türkiye published between 2010 and 2020. The sample consisted of 14 scale development studies and 31 scale adaptation studies retrieved from the ULAKBIM-TR (Turkish Academic Network and Information Centre), Google Academic, and Higher Education Council National Thesis Centre Database (n = 45). In examining the studies, content analysis was conducted using the “Scale Development Process Control Form” and the “Scale Adaptation Process Control Form,” which were prepared in accordance with the literature. The frequency and percentage distributions of the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 26 package program.

Results: The theoretical basis of the measured structure and the purpose of the measurement instrument are stated in all articles. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used together to determine construct validity in 57.1% of the developed scales and 54.8% of the adapted scales. No pilot study was conducted in 29% of the scale adaptation studies and in 21.4% of the developed scales. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to estimate the reliability of almost all the scales studied.

Conclusion: The analysis of the data obtained shows that the opinions of the measurement and evaluation experts were not taken into account and the pilot study application was not used in the studies examined. To avoid errors in this area and to perform the process correctly, it is recommended to develop guidelines and create up-to-date resources and algorithms.

Background: Quarantine practices and social restrictions were introduced to reduce the mass deaths caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 and the speed of the epidemic all over the world. One of the protection measures taken due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is the compulsory online education application to prevent the epidemic.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the opinions of nursing students about online education due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods: The research was conducted on third-grade undergraduate nursing students who took the pediatric nursing course with online education as a qualitative design in phenomenology type. A total of 11 nursing students were included in the sample. A semi-structured interview form was used for the interview. The data were evaluated by content analysis according to “descriptive phenomenological analysis stages” consisting of 7 stages by Colaizzi.

Results: The students were between 20 and 24 years old, and 9 were women, and 2 were men. Two main themes named “Students’ views on online education” and “Students’ suggestions for more efficient processing of online education” were created. Students reported difficulties such as access and technical problems, difficulty in concentration, inefficiency, psychomotor skills, lack of communication and interaction, and health problems, as well as benefits such as being able to spare more time for them.

Conclusion: It was determined that online education was more effective in the theoretical education of the students, but they did not find it appropriate to use it in clinical education. Students suggested the use of methods such as educational videos and case discussions related to online education. Considering the results of the study, it is thought that the online education method should be used in combination with theoretical education. In addition, it is suggested to provide the necessary technical infrastructure in all educational institutions for the effective use of online education.

Background: Young people, especially in their developmentally sensitive periods, are highly vulnerable to the impact of constant stressors, so their mental health needs special attention during and after the pandemic. Young people who experience anxiety and fear due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and who are exposed to many different stressors can resort to ineffective coping methods in the face of these problems.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 fear and anxiety with smoking and caffeinated beverage consumption in young people.

Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted on 551 young people. As data collection tools, “Personal Information Form, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Anxiety Scale, and Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fear Scale” were used. In the evaluation of the data obtained in the study, besides descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, SD, minimum, and maximum), t-test and analysis of variance test were used in independent groups.

Results: Young people smoked (8.1%) and consumed caffeinated beverages (31.8) more than normal during the pandemic period and The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale mean score was 11.50 ± 3.02 and the mean score of The Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale was 18.32 ± 6.43 of them. It was determined that the young people who smoked had lower coronavirus anxiety and fear. It was found that the young people who stated that they smoked more before the pandemic had lower coronavirus anxiety and higher coronavirus fears. It was found that young people who smoked 16 or more cigarettes a day had lower anxiety and fears about coronavirus than young people who smoked <16 cigarettes. It was determined that the young people, who stated that there was an increase in the consumption of caffeinated beverages compared to the pre-pandemic period, had higher coronavirus anxiety and fears.

Conclusion: As a result, it has been observed that the high coronavirus disease 2019 anxiety and fear of young people had a negative impact on their consumption of cigarettes and caffeine. For this reason, it is recommended to support young people with training for this anxiety and fear they experience and to carry out studies to prevent young people from smoking and caffeine addiction.

Today, coronavirus disease 2019 is a recent phenomenon that becomes increasingly widespread and requires coping. Nurses have been at the forefront of the global fight against this pandemic which still largely remains unknown. Nurses who experience troubles at the workplace and in their private lives due to the pandemic have experienced losses, and they still continue to experience the same. The management of sorrow resulting from losses needs different strategies to cope with the pandemic since the ongoing process of losses and limited coping resources that nurses have highlighted the significance of the management of sorrow. Investigating the feeling of sorrow that nurses may experience and raising awareness toward such critical issues are of utmost importance, especially in these days when nurses experience losses on a daily basis. Therefore, this review aims to explore the feeling of sorrow that nurses experience during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic based on nurses’ own statements.