INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to identify the knowledge level of 4th year students of health school on occupational organization.
METHODS: This study is a descriptive style study. The sample of the study included 201 students willing to participate in the study and in their 4th year on Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Nursing and Health Organizations Management, Nutrition and Dietetic departments of Afyon Kocatepe University Health School. Survey method was used to collect data during the study.
RESULTS: The average age of the students included was 22,3±2,11. %20,4 of them from Nutrition and dietetic, %16,9 of them from physiotherapy and rehabilitation, 20,9 of them from nursing and %41,8 of them from Health organizations management departments. %64,7 of them females and %35,3 of them the males. %71.1 of them stated that they came to their studying units willingly, %86.1 of them will be eager to use it as a profession after graduation and it was found out that %17.9 of them are already working either public or private organizations.. When the studying departments and the knowledge level of the occupational organization were compared it was found out that the highest level of knowledge was in the group of Health Organization Management students and the lowest level was in the group of Nursing students and the difference among the groups was statistically meaningful (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The knowledge level on occupational organization of all the students were higher than the average and it was detected that the awareness on occupational organization levels of students of nursing was not at desired levels.

INTRODUCTION: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine the nursing students’ opinions related to sufficiency of their drug administrations knowledge.
METHODS: The research sample was made up of 173 final year nursing students at two health universities which one of them integrated and the other classicial training program. Data were collected by a questionnaire including items questioning the students’ sociodemographic characteristics and their opinions regarding their pharmacology knowledge. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0, numbers, percentage distribution and the chi-square test.
RESULTS: Of the students, 12.7% perceived their knowledge about drug administration as enough. Analysis of the students’ knowledge levels about drug administration revealed that they were most knowledgeable about drug administration routes (52.6%), and that they were least knowledgeable about drug-drug interactions (13.9%). The analysis also demonstrated that students’ perception of themselves as adequate did not differ from one school to another (p> 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to the findings, it can be said that the nursing students are more likely to make drug application mistakes, and strengthening the pharmacological knowledge of students is an important requirement in safe drug administration. According to the findings, it can be said that the nursing students are more likely to make drug application mistakes, and strengthening the pharmacological knowledge of students is an important requirement in safe drug administration.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess nurses’ levels of knowledge regarding medication errors and their views on reporting medication errors.
METHODS: The research adopted a descriptive, cross-sectional design and the study sample comprised 114 nurses. Data were gathered using two assessment forms: “Views on Reporting Medication Errors” and “Assessment of Knowledge of Medication Errors”.
RESULTS: The mean age of nurses was 29.37±7.10 years, 51.8% of the sample completed an undergraduate nursing program. The mean score of the “Assessment of Knowledge on Medication Errors” was 82.52±17.19. Nearly all nurses (94.7%) completed training in medication safety, 78.1% of nurses perceived the act of medication error reporting as a successful criterion. In the case of reporting medication errors, 8.8% of nurses perceived that reporting medication errors can be considered a personal incompetency, 4.4% reported that it would put their job in jeopardy, and 4.4% stated it would be of no use to report errors. One out of every three nurses (28.9%) claimed any problem could be settled among themselves, 9.6% of them stated that they do not know how to report errors, and 0.9% of the nurses stated that there was no need for reporting any errors.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In training sessions which encourage the staff to report medication errors for patient safety, it is important not to consider a medication error reporting system as a punishment for employees but as a crucial part of the system. It is suggested that corporate strategies be developed and training programs be planned in order to improve nurses’ skills for better reporting of medication errors.

INTRODUCTION: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The aim of the study was to determine the variables that predicted alienation from work in nurses
METHODS: The study population included 327 nurses working at Celal Bayar University's Hafsa Sultan Hospital (n=327). The sample of the study included 268 nurses who agreed to participate in the study on a voluntary basis (n=268). The study data were collected using Personal Information Form for Nurses and Alienation at Work among Nurses Scale. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistical methods, Student t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, LSD Post Hoc and multiple linear regression analysis were used.
RESULTS: Average age of nurses which attended to research has been determined as 31.12±5.55. Total point average of Alienation at Work among Nurses Scale has been determined medium-low level with 75.27±10.33. While subdimension which has the top level of Alienation at Work was "Attending to deciding phase", "work section" had the lowest level. As a result of multivariate analysis, it is exposed that variables of marital status, position in workplace, being a member of occupational associations, following occupational publications predict %16 of alienation from work in nurses.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a conclusion of the research, taking variables which predict alienation from work into consideration by directors of institutions will contribute to minimize alienation from work of nurses.

INTRODUCTION: This aim of this study was to determine the difficulties experienced by indivuduals with diabetes and their caregiver nurses during diabetes management of the disease, and to obtain information about their self-management level.
METHODS: The study was performed in Ankara. The study sample consisted of seven volunteer patients with type 2 diabetes, and seven nurses responsible for these patients’ care. Data were collected using the semi-structured, intensive interview method. All data were collected through the face-to-face interviews conducted with the patients and their nurses in a suitable environment. The interviews were recorded with a tape recorder, after obtaining the permission of the study participants. At the end of the study, the data analysis was performed and various themes were created.
RESULTS: Following the interviews conducted with the diabetic patients, and based on the results of qualitative assessment that were performed, the main themes were determined as diet adherence, exercise, stress management, and administration of insulin. The main themes identified in the interviews conducted with the caregiver nurses were diet, training, and administration of insulin.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to these findings, nurses are advised to provide lifelong counseling and education guidance for patients with diabetes, beginning with the diagnosis of the disease and challenging them in self-management

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine factors affecting the healthy lifestyle behaviors of nurses.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study comprised 278 nurses willing to participate in the study at SB Education and Research Hospital in one city of Aegean Region. Data were collected by a questionnaire including “sociodemographic data form” and “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale”. For the statistical analysis, paired sample t-test and one-way variance analysis were used.
RESULTS: The mean score of the healthy lifestyle behaviors scale of nurses found to be 125.62±19: 40 and between sub-groups the highest mean score is spiritual development (26.16±4.26) and the lowest mean score is physical activity (15.32±4.81). Physical activity with marital status, having children, economic status; interpersonal relationships with age groups, having children, economic status; spiritual development with age groups, economic status between variables were found to be a significant difference. Also, stress management with age groups, marital status, having children, economic status; nutrition with age groups, gender, economic status, smoking status; health responsibility with marital status, economic status between variables were found to be a significant difference (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the type of family, graduated school and healthy lifestyle behaviors and sub-dimensions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of this research mean score of the healthy lifestyle behaviors scale of nurses were moderate.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to investigate certain variables in the alexithymia levels of nursing students.

METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 203 nursing students studying at Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing in Eastern Anatolia Region. Data were collected by using the “Personal Information Form” to determine socio-demographic characteristics and “Toronto Alexithymia Scale”. SPSS 18 statistics program was used in the evaluation of the collected data. And, frequency, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test was used in analyzing the data. p<0.05 was accepted as the level of significance in the statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean score of the students in the Alexithymia Scale was 53.43±14.12, indicating that their level of alexithymia is moderate. In the study, a significant correlation was found between alexithymia levels and difficulty in communication with patients (p<0.05). The students who were having difficulty in communication with patients were found to be more alexithymic
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Students’ level of alexithymia was moderate, which was adversely affecting the communication with patients. It can be recommended that the importance of communication should be emphasized in nursing education, and, methods should be developed to increase and improve emotional awareness of students in order to direct them to the effective and accurate communication practices.

INTRODUCTION: The research has been methodologically carried out with the purpose of adapting Individual Innovation Scale to Turkish and testing its validity and reliability.
METHODS: The research comprised 273 nurses between January 2013 and January 2014 at three hospitals in Erzurum, Turkey. The Individual Innovativeness Scale was used as a data collection tool. While the data were evaluated, group translation and translation-back translation method were applied within the scope of language validity. The Content Validity Index was used for the validity of the scope by consulting expert opinion. Explanatory factor analysis was done for structure validity. The Kaiser-Mayer Olkin and Bartlett test, Basic Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation were used for exploratory factor analysis. For reliability analysis, Cronbach Alpha, item-total correlation tests and test-retest were conducted, and 27% lower and upper quartiles were tested for item discrimination.
RESULTS: The Turkish version of the Individual Innovativeness Scale is composed of 18 items and 3 sub-scales. Item total score correlation values of the scale are between.41 and.62, factor loads are between.49 and.75 and the result of test -retest is statistically significant. Cronbach alpha of the scale was found to be.82 in total and between.72 and.80 in sub-scales.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, it has been determined that Individual Innovation Scale applied to nursing is a valid and reliable evaluation instrument.

Theories inform and guide nurses in the best and most correct practice. The purpose of theoretical practice is to improve nursing practice used for increasing the health levels of patients in clinical area. Theories also guide in summarizing results of research and determining new and primary research subject areas. As theories and models have developed, the reflection of these to education programs has become inevitable. Although theories were used as a guide in forming the conceptual framework in planning and developing curriculums, today they have become an indispensable part of practice, research, management and education in nursing.

The incidence of constipation in intensive care unit setting is ranging from 15% to 85%. It is reported that there is a relationship between constipation and organ failure, long-term hospitalization and dependence on mechanical ventilation. The shock developed in patients decreases the gastrointestinal motility by affecting the splenic perfusion, the electrolyte disorders, especially hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia negatively affect the bowel movements, and opioid derivative drugs prevent the bowel movements and decrease the venous return. Nursing intervention have include assessment of constipation, determination factors which causes and solving constipation problem in the patients who are hospitalized in neurosurgery intensive care unit. Therefore nurses who work in neurosurgery intensive care unit always assess detailed this problem in patients, must identify nursing intervention individualized, observe publication about this subject, and work other health care team members in collaboration. In this compilation is to explaining the incidence of constipation, causing, complications, preventing and solving of constipation problems intended to nursing care in the patients who are hospitalized in neurosurgery intensive care unit.

Although globalization, a popular concept in today’s world, has brought together many technological developments, it has created some inconveniencies as well. The poverty created by inequality of income which takes place on top of the list of inconveniencies hits mostly children, thus affecting the future. Child poverty which comes on top of the list of issues to be handled as a starting point, brings many issues such as child labor, child brides, uneducated society, high rate of crime together. The poor children who become poor because of their families’ poverty live this problem both socially and economically plus in terms of health issues. Those issues cause their deaths. The global world getting stronger day by day thanks to Neo-liberal policies cannot stop the deaths of nearly 18 thousand children every day. The most important role is for the governments. Because child poverty is an important issue both concerning/affecting the whole society and due to its chronic nature, it must be avoided only by conscious governmental regulations.

Aim: Quality of life among childhood cancer survivors is adversely affected due to diagnosis and treatment process and physical/psychosocial late affects after treatment. In this literature review, it is aimed to determine level of quality of life among childhood cancer survivors and the factors affecting quality of life of survivors.
Methods: A review was conducted that used the databases PubMed, Medline and Wiley Intersicience. Eight articles were included that were published in English between 2005 and 2014 and determined QOL of childhood cancer survivors.
Results: It was determined that survivors who were females, survived from central nervous system tumors, received cranial radiotherapy, had longer survival time and had physical and psychosocial problems was lower quality of life.
Conclusion: It was found that quality of life of survivors generally welldefined, however, in line with the physical and psychosocial well-being they were at risk for poor quality of life.

Patient handover has an important place in the improvement of health service care, the documentation of nursing care, and the correct transfer between health professionals, and at the same time is a principal component in maintaining effective communications in the aims of patent safety. In the process of patient handover, the most important point in achieving patient safety is giving correct, complete and comprehensible information at the right time and to the right people. In a modern healthcare system, this process charges nurses with a particular responsibility as the people who take on the role of patient caregiver.
The purpose of this review is to increase the quality of healthcare practices and to contribute to the measures taken to ensure patient safety by stressing the importance of the nursing handover process.

Nursing models professionalize communication by making nursing knowledge and practices systematic. The clinical use of models is an important way to test their effectiveness. Nurses are the health professionals who see mothers and infants most, and they are consulted first when a breastfeeding problem occurs. Nurses take on important duties in the antenatal period in their leadership, care and training roles. In the postpartum period, they are responsible for ensuring that breastfeeding is initiated and continued. Breastfeeding is a cost-effective, health promoting and disease-preventing activity for mothers and infants. This review examines the conceptual framework for motivational interviews based on Pender’s health promotion model as support for the breastfeeding habit in accordance with the literature.