The word “paradigm” originates from the French word “paradigme”. The meaning of the word in Turkish Language Institution dictionary is “a system of values”. In other words, paradigm contains all factors that effect the individual’s perception and interpretation of inner and outer world. Although definition and concepts of nursing have changed, it is seen that the paradigm that supports learning and theory of nursing remains the same. Nursing science and nursing art is influenced by concepts like philosophy, health, illness, communication and patient care. It is essential to be conscious in shifting the profession of nursing to advanced levels by appropriate paradigms. It needs a change of paradigm to free nursing education from medical knowledge loaded modal. Paradigm affects conceptual modal, theory, nursing prospects, and philosoophy of nursing at all levels. The theory of nursing is comprised of paradigms such as universal discipline, providing methods of gathering information, and by this way attempting to bring solution suggestions to the problems. Nursing should be practised in such a way that it supports the traditional / modern scientific sources in philosophy, education, social sciences and other disciplines with its knowledge and critical eye. It should also use its knowledge of practice in order to suggest a paradigm. The suggested paradigm should answer the needs of a growing number of various students, offer a proven education atmosphere and answer the expectations.

OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE: Use of complementary and alternative treatment in breast cancer is shown very much (28% to 97%). The purpose of this review of the literature, patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer-related applications to determine the complementary and alternative treatment.

METHODS: METHODS: Literature 01/15 February 2013 between MED-LINE, Science Direct, and Web of Science for studies conducted between 2000 to 2013 search engines "complementary and alternative medicine, breast cancer" were screened with the words. As a result of the study reached 196 scans, according to the criteria examined 16 studies were included.
In these studies, the place of, the sample size, characteristics, method of operation, characteristics of users, the prevalence of complementary and alternative treatment, complementary and alternative treatment use, a source of information, thoughts, etc. are evaluated.
RESULTS: RESULTS: We have reached a total of 75.510 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Prevalence of complementary and alternative treatment use is ranged from %24 to %98. Participants, used at least acupuncture and meditation therapies, more vitamins / minerals as a method of complementary and alternative treatments.
CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: Complementary and alternative treatment is widely used in patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer. But complementary and alternative treatment therapies may be effected positively of treatment, while others may show a negative effect. So this is very important to manage the medical treatment and care process more effectively.

OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study was conducted between 2012 and 2013 in order to determine knowledge and views of university students, attending at different faculties, regarding organ donation and transplantation.
METHODS: Data of the study were collected via questionnaire form prepared by researchers in line with the literature and submitted to expert opinion. The study was conducted with 921 students and the questionnaire forms were filled out by students in the classroom under supervision of researchers.
RESULTS: Of students included within the scope of the study; 36.4% were from department of health sciences, 34.9% were from department of social sciences and 28.7% were from department of sciences. As a result of the study it was determined that while 50.1% of the students considered donating an organ, only 4.2% made an organ donation until the date of the study. Examining knowledge status of students regarding the organ donation; only 42.5% obtained information about organ donation and transplantation and the students had no sufficient knowledge related to organ donation and transplantation. Examining the reasons behind why the students did not consider the organ donation; for 2.5%, this was contrary to their religious belief and 47.4% did not consider making the organ donation since the physical integrity is impaired
CONCLUSION: Consequently, it was found out that students participating in the study had considerably lack of knowledge regarding organ donation and transplantation; their attitudes and behaviors on organ donation were different and few of students wishing to make the organ donation donated their organs.

OBJECTIVE: This methodically study was carried out to develop and test the psychometric properties of Bachelor's Degree Nursing Program Assessment Scale
METHODS: The sample comprised 202 nurses who graduated from a Bachelors Degree Program in Ankara. In order to determine nurses’ ideas and opinions about how knowledge and skills, which are thought during the bachelor programme, contribute professional competence and personal development, a focal group disscussion was held with 12 nurses. Scale statements that are formed as a result of qualitative interviews are presented as a draft to two different experts, the feedback statements given are gathered under the same title and by extracting similar statements, the final draft was reduced down to 40 items.
RESULTS: The Bachelor's Degree Nursing Program Assessment Scale consists of four subscales as “Assessment of Professional Development and Competence", “Assessment of Teaching Process", "Assessment of Individual Development", and "Gaining universal, national and professional values". Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the Bachelor's Degree Nursing Program Assessment scale is 0.97 and four subscales ranged from 0.91 to 0.95. Test–retest reliability coefficient for the scale is 0.95 for the scale and ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 for the subscales.
CONCLUSION: Bachelor's Degree Nursing Program Assessment Scale was a reliable scale for evaluation of the effectiveness of Bachelor's Degree Nursing Programs in Turkey.

Substance addiction is one of the most important problems all around the World. Recently this problem has become a very important issue in Turkey particularly among the young population and seems it will increase in near future. It is indicated that the most appropriate program for solving the substance addiction is prevention and early intervention programs. In order to have success in prevention programs, it is important to identify kids and adolescents who are under the risk for addiction, determine their risks based on the personal and environmental factors of adolescents substance abuse or what are the preventing factors of addiction. Substance abuse is not only a health matter issue. It has so many other aspects such as social, juristical and public. Substance abuse and its prevention must be taking seriously based on these aspects. In this context huge responsibility should be shared by particularly the governments, NGOs, teachers, families and healthcare professionals. In this article, main risk factors, substance prevention programs, raising awareness of the kids and adolescents and role of nurses for preventing substance abuse will be discussed.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function in women who were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction.
METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective is a study. The sample of this study consisted of 30 women who presented with acute myocardial infarction to the cardiology ward of University Research and Application Hospital in one city of Marmara Area between September, 2011 and April, 2012. The first interview was held at the hospital. The FSFI was re-administered during the first and third month routine cardiology polyclinic controls of the patients. A personal information questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were administered to the subjects. Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the ethics committee of Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital

RESULTS: Results of the first interview for the initial assessment of the effects of myocardial infarction on sexual function showed low scores for desire, arousal, vaginal lubrication and orgasm and average scores for satisfaction, pain and FSFI. The one-month follow-up interview yielded lower scores than in the initial interview. The third interview resulted in scores similar to those observed in the first interview. In assessing the effects of socio-demographic and cardiac risk variables on sexuality, age was found to be an important variable.
CONCLUSION: It was found that myocardial infarction had a negative impact on women’s sexual function during the initial month.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out with the aim of determining the beliefs of Faculty of Theology students on mental illness.
METHODS: This is a descriptive study. The population of this study comprised of 370 students. The sample group of this study comprised of 214 students that accepted to participate voluntarily. The data of the investigation were collected using Students Description Form and Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI).
RESULTS: Of the students included in the study, mean puan was 52.19±1.3 (0-105)
There was no significant difference between total score mean and sub-scale score means of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI) based on their ages and their clases. There was a significant difference between total score mean and sub-scale score means of the BMI based on the gender of students.

CONCLUSION: According to the Beliefs towards Mental Illness Scale, theology students had positive beliefs towards mental illness.Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that some education programs are needed to prevent stigmatization and to facilitate more positive attitudes among the religious officials.

OBJECTIVE: The current study is an intervention type and randomized controlled study conducted to determine the effect of family planning consultancy provided through post-partum home visits upon effective use of family planning methods.
METHODS: The sample of the study was composed of 140 puerperal women; 70 of them assigned to intervention and 70 to control group. To the women in the intervention group; family planning training was twice provided through post-discharge home visits (during the 6th week and 6th month.). The data were assessed through percentages, numbers, chi-square test and odds ratio statistical analysis.
RESULTS: It was found out that in the post-partum six month period, women in the intervention group used nearly 1.8 times more (0R: 1.8, Cl: 95%) effective family planning methods than the women in the control group. When the distribution of the participant women was examined in terms of use of effective family planning methods in the post-partum twelve month period; it was noted that women in the intervention group used nearly 1.4 times more (0R: 1.4, Cl: 95%) effective family planning methods than the women in the control group.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that family planning consultancy provided through post-partum home visits affected the use of effective family planning methods positively.

Sexuality is a subject which individuals cannot comfortably and openly express. On the other hand issues about sexuality are also not handled sufficiently and efficiently by nurses. One of the primary reasons for this phenomenon is the insufficiency of their knowledge and skills regarding the assessment of sexuality. In this compilation, the aim is to introduce the properties that nurses should have in order to make a detailed sexual assessment in health care and to manage the sexual issues efficiently and some strategies which they may use in developing those properties.