Aging has major importance in the quality of life, and for this reason, enhancing and maintaining a high quality of life is important in old age. Throughout the aging process, the elderly may have diffi culties in psychological adaptation and they can experience feelings of loneliness, depression, and loss of self-confi dence. This process is especially diffi cult among elderly residents in nursing homes. Therefore, an appropriate psychosocial approach is needed to ease the adaptation of the ageing process. Reminiscence therapy is one psychosocial approach which uses the memory to protect mental health and improves the quality of life. In this review, the theoretical dimension, implementation, effects on older adults, and importance of reminiscence therapy as a nursing intervention are discussed.

The parenteral drug administration by intramuscular injections is one of the invasive therapies implemented by the nurses. Dorsagluteal area is the most commonly prefered area for the intramuscular injections, even though this may be too risky, since it often leads to errors or complications. However, these problems can be avoided if the nursing practice will be evidence-based. The proven applications propose the ventrogluteal area and state that this application is still not that widespread based on the existing studies. The purpose of this review is to display different ways in which the VG area is used in education, research and implementation in accord with the existing literature and provide a guideline so that this practice can be more widespread.

The increased amount of information and the individuals’desire to advance and develop their skills have forced educational institutions to investigate interactive education techniques in addition to traditional ones. The current students are grown up after the1980s and raised with digital media, and this generation is known to be bored easily and impatient. They have expectations of feedback and awards which also makes the use of virtual reality, as one of the simulation technics in the curriculum almost mandatory. The aim of this review is to increase to level of information on the use of virtual reality in education of health care workers.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the opinions of sophomore nursing students on oncology nursing practices, and the characteristics that an oncology nurse should have.
METHODS: The descriptive study is conducted with sixty students, who accepted to participate in the study and who had a training on the roles and responsibilities of oncology nursing, engaging in clinical practices at the oncology clinic, in the Fall and Spring semesters of 2013-2014.. The data of the study is collected through the interview form.
RESULTS: The mean age of students included in the study is 19.91±1.54. A proportion of 96.6% of students attended practice for the fi rst time at the oncology clinic. Opinions of students on oncology patients and oncology nurses; 26.6% of the students defi ned the oncology patient as “the patient group with a lot of physical and psychosocial problems’’ Their opinions on oncology nursing; students reported that nurses should have good communication skills. As for their opinions on oncology practice, the students reported that patients’ psychosocial needs should be addressed.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It can be observed that students are aware ofthe physical and psychosocial needs of oncology patients. The study fi ndings are expected to be used for nursing education.

INTRODUCTION: This paper aims at determining the level of knowledge of healthcare staff in the diagnosis and prevention of intravenous infusion therapy related to the development of phlebitis and thrombophlebitis.
METHODS: This research is a descriptive study. The sample of the research contains 100 nurses, 12 midwives, 4 emergency medical technician who are voluntarily participated in this research. They applied intravenous therapy at three educational research hospitals’ and one private hospital’s intensive care units and inpatient fl oors between 02.09.2013 - 01.01.2014 in İstanbul. Data was collected by the infusion treatment processes questionnaire. 50 points is evaluated as the performance criteria over 100 points.
RESULTS: Health workers knowledge points score ranges from 30 to 90 points and average seem to be 54.78 ± 11.74 points. Statistically there is no signifi cant relationship between the scores and departments which they work, their professional competency and education. (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Health workers knowledge point average is above the average performance criteria. But it has been determined that there is a lack of knowledge mostly on the issues of the practices that should be applied upon the development of phlebitis, use local anesthetics, selecting dressing material and fl ow control device, catheter replacement frequency. These ıssues should take place in intravenous therapy service trainings.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this descriptive and relational study is to determine the levels of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors and some anthropometric measurements in desk-based staff.
METHODS: The sample comprised desk-based staff working at state agencies (N= 250). The “Individual Questionnaire” and “Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale” were used as the data-collection tools
RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 37.9±7.85: mostly women (73.6%), university-graduated (42%) and holding a higher degree (24%). It was found that 12.1% of male subjects were obese, while 5.9% of female subjects were obese. In terms of waist circumference, 35.3% of females were at risk with 25.5% at high risk, while 40.9% of males were at risk with 27.3% at high risk. According to waist/hip ratio, 70.7% of women were at risk, while only 10.6% of men were at risk. CARRF-KL scores for women were 19.4 ± 2.8, while the scores for men were 18.6 ± 3.1. Any corelation between sociodemographic factors, life style behaviours, antropometric measurements and CARRF-KL scores were not found.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Taking control of changeable risk factors and the need for educational training related to healthy-lifestyle attitudes should continue to be developed.

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed in order to determine the attitudes of nursing students towards violence against women and occupational role in violence, self-esteem, and affecting factors.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 459 nursing students. Data was collected using a socio demographic information form, the Attitude regarding Violence Scale, the Nurses’ Attitudes regarding Occupational Role in Violence Scale, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. In statistical evaluation, frequencies, averages, Pearson correlation analyses, and the student t and ANOVA tests were used.
RESULTS: According to the attitude regarding violence general score average of the students (38.99±10.77) it was found that the students had an inclination for a modern view far from conservatism and adopted the informative and supportive role of the nurse against women who underwent violence with regard to occupational role (30.41±8.03). Students with higher self-esteem were found to have more modern attitudes towards violence (r=-.23, p<0.01) and the role of a nurse (r=-.24, p<0.01). Students who were male, lived in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian regions and in rural areas who had lower economic status were found to have a more conservative attitude towards violence (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nursing students have a modern attitude towards violence and their occupational role regarding violence. The genders, years of study, region of residence, and status regarding witnessing violence of the students effect their attitudes regarding violence towards women and their occupational role regarding violence.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multi-systemic, autoimmune and chronic disease, characterized by inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis reduces the quality of life by causing pain, fatigue, morning stiffness, limitation of movement, difficulties in daily life, deterioration in social relations, and depression. Despite using pharmacological methods for management the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, there is no complete cure of the disease today. Patients frequently experience side effects such as toxicity, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, anemia or systemic infection due to used pharmacological treatment. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are applying to complementary and alternative medicine because of side effects of the treatment, incomplete treatment, and chronic pain and fatigue. Aromatherapy and reflexology that often preferred and commonly used among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and health care professionals cause positive effect on the management of patients’ pain and fatigue, and on increasing the quality of life. This review article was written to inform nurses about the use of aromatherapy and reflexology in rheumatoid arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Communication skills and social intelligence levels of nurses are important in fulfilling the roles and responsibilities related to care; on the other hand, it is believed that being engaged in art will improve the communication skills and social intelligence. This research was carried out to examine the communication skills and social intelligence levels of nursing students in terms of art characteristics.
METHODS: Regarding the research carried out as a cross-sectional type, a total of 613 students of a nursing school constituted the population, and 440 students selected by random sampling method constituted the sample. Before the research, written informed consent from the institution and verbal informed consent from the students were received. Student Identification Form, Communication Skills Scale (CSS) and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) were used as data collection tools. In analysis of the data, frequency, percentage, arithmetic average, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman’s rho Correlation tests were used.
RESULTS: It was observed that 81.4% of the students were female, their average age was 20.26±1.92, their CSI point average was 167.25±17.16, and their point averages of CSS sub-dimensions were 57.21±6.07 in Behavioural, 56.68±6.39 in Mentally and 53.37±6.61 in Emotional; their TSIS point average was 106.55±15.42, and their point averages of TSIS sub-dimensions were 38.87±7.59 in Social Information Processing (SIP), 29.86±6.58 in Social Skills (SS) and 37.80±6.09 in Social Awareness (SA). Among students who stated that they were engaged in any branch of art (N=226), CSS and TSIS points of the students who said that they were engaged in auditory arts were significantly higher than the points of the students who were not engaged in auditory arts. Also, it was observed that there were statistically significant relationships between CSS total and subscale points and TSIS total and subscale points of nursing students.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The communication skills of nursing students engaged in social and artistic events are better, and their social intelligence levels are higher. Therefore, nursing students' motivation should be increased to participate in social activities, and in this context they should be offered various options.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), is a rarely seen acute syndrome that is accompanied by the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It affects multiple organ systems, partly alike, and if it is not treated quickly it can cause malignancy. This study includes the data about a patient who was diagnosed with TTP and whose care needs were met in accord with The Roper-LoganTierney Model of Nursing Based on Activities of Living