The deterioration of sleep quality is one of the most frequent problems for intensive care patients. The reasons behind the lack of deep sleep and increasing periods of light sleep in intensive care patients are the environmental factors stemming from the intensive care environment, the type and severity of underlying disease, mechanical ventilation, drugs and sedation. Sleep allows the body to rest mentally and physically thereby boosting recovery. Thus, it is crucial for intensive care nurses to be aware of the adverse effects of the lack of sleep and to be able to perform nursing interventions to regulate the patients’ sleep and to ensure their rest.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine theses nursing about complementary and alternative medicine practice for pain in Turkey.
METHODS: In this study, firstly it had conducted literature review for the purpose of data collection and than National Council of Higher Education Dissertation Center Data Base were screened by keywords which is "Pain", "complementary", "alternative therapies", "complementary and alternative therapies". As a result of screening identified 42 theses relevant subject in Institute of Health Sciences in the Department of Nursing between at 1997 - January 2014 and has been reached catalog information of this theses. A thesis which is not enough data and couldn’t reach full text have been excluded from review, 41 theses were evaluated in the study.
RESULTS: Datas were collected by creating experiment and control grups in the majority of 41 theses. 22 theses were master, 19 of them were PhD theses. It was determined that a greet majority of them were made the last five years. The first three placed subject as pain topic were respectively pain due to invasive procedures (14 theses), labor pain (9 thesis) and postoperative pain (7 theses). It was determined that the most frequently used complementary and alternatıve medıcıne therapies in the theses were respectively found cold application (9 theses), relaxation exercises (7 theses), music (6 theses), hot applications, touch (5 theses), massage (4 theses), acupuncture (3 theses) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (2 theses). It has been found that complementary and alternatıve medıcıne methods which is used 39 of the theses were effective on pain reduction.
CONCLUSION: It may be said that the concept of pain is one of the most important interests of nursing researches and complementary and alternatıve medıcıne methods used to reduce pain has attracted nurses which engaged in postgraduate research in the field of nursing in our country and give importance to complementary and alternatıve medıcıne therapies in recent years. It is hoped that the results which is obtained in the study will be used in pain management and shed will light on the other research that will be.

Objective: To review literature related to effect of oxytocin induction given in vaginal birth on women breastfeeding results.
Method: This literature review was of created by scanning studies between1972-2013 year with by using "oxytocin induction and breastfeeding" and "oxytocin induction and breastfeeding" keywords in Pub -Med, Medline, Cochran, Ovid, working from Ebsco and Elsevier Science from Direct database were scanned. Related to subject it was not observed any Turkish study.
Results: The research that examined the relationship between oxytocin induction and breastfeeding has been published between 2009-2013, an a total of three studies were examined. The study were disgned as comparative, retrospective cohort and prospective study. In one of research it was examined the level of endogenous oxytocin in labour with oxytocin induction and mother breastfeeding outcomes were examined. It was determined that oxytocin induction was reducing the level of endogenous oxytocin, mother-infant interaction and breastfeeding rates. One other research evaluated the effect of oxytocin induction on breastfeeding duration and giving formula food. According to results mothers that get oxytocin induction had shorther breastfeeding period and they start to give formula earlier. In addition of the last study, oxytocin induction was stated as the reason of delayed initiation of breastfeeding within the first 48 hours postpartum.
Conclusion: A limited number of study determined the negatively effect of oxytocin induction on breastfeeding, comprehensive and larger sampling studies are needed. Becuase oxytocin induction is applied at high rates in line with the hospital protocols will be important to determine how they affect lactation. Thus, nurses and other health professionals will contribute by making appropriate interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measuring tool in order to determine nurses’ attitudes towards employment of foreign nurses.
METHODS: Sample of this methodological study consisted of 339 nurses. Content validity of the scale was evaluated via Lawshe’s content validity technique. The stability of the scale was demonstrated via test-retest. Item total score correlation analyses were run to evaluate reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine factor structure and finally Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values were used for internal-consistency analysis.
RESULTS: According to analyses the scale was developed with 25 items in 4 factors which item total correlations were found between 0.530-0.798, factor loadings were found between 0.489-0.861 and internal consistency values were found between 0.848-0.960.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Attitudes towards Employment of Foreign Nurses Scale was found to be a valid and reliable data collection tool.

INTRODUCTION: This research has been done as descriptive to identify the needs of the mothers whose babies were admitted to newborn intensive care unit
METHODS: The research population includes the mothers who stayed at Fırat University Research Hospital and Elazığ Harput State Hospital from November 2013 to January 2014 and were willing to participate in the research. In the research, the sampling method was not used, the research population formed the sampling of the study. The data was collected via the personal information form which had been developed by the researchers and the face to face interviews with the help of Child Intensive Care Family Need Scale. The percentage values, the averages, t test and X2, Anova test were used to analyze the data. The percentage values, the averages, t test, Kruskal Wallis Analysis, Mann Whitney U test and the correlation analysis were used to evaluate the research results.
RESULTS: While there have been no meaningful differences among the groups in terms of the averages of Child Intensive Care Family Need Scale and the babies' genders and diagnoses, a statistically meaninful relation has been identified between the babies' gestation week and the hospital stay periods and Child Intensive Care Family Need Scale. The mothers' ages, jobs, the place where the mothers stayed during their babies' illnesses have been found to be effective on the families' needs (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, some descriptive characteristics (gestasion, staying time in hospital, parents age, fathers' work, staj with baby) of the babies and the mothers have been found to be effective on the mothers' needs whose babies were admitted to newborn intensive care. It is suggested that the needs of family members should be taken into consideration more carefully by health care workers in terms of the care and the treatment services provided.

It is often beleived that only cytotoxic drugs cause extravasation. A variety of vesicant non-cytotoxic agents also cause extravasation. That’s why it is important that nurses know the vesicant agents causing the tissue ischemia and have knowledge about its aplications, observations and what treatment is best immediatly after an extravasation. This article aims to review the factors that increase the risk of extravasation caused by cytotoxic drugs and to discuss the nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions associated with extravasation management.

OBJECTIVE: The first rule in doing the right procedure to the right patient is the identity affirmation. The use of identity wristbands in inpatient treatment institutions is a new practice and how patients affected from this is not known. This study has been carried out to examine the opinions of the hospitalized patients’ in inpatient treatment institutions on identity wristbands usage and applications.
METHODS: The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional research consists of the patients hospitalized in a state hospital. Samples of the research consist of 322 patients accepting to attend to the research and being able to communicate, hospitalized for at least two days between 01.05.2012 – 01.06.2012 at internal diseases and surgical clinics. The data were obtained through survey form. Numeric and percentage distributions of the data were given.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients attending to the research was 56.86 ± 17.51 years, 59.3% of them were women, 41.9% of them were graduate from primary school, 57.2% of them are hospitalized at internal medicine services. It was determined that 94.4% of the patients were carrying identity wristbands, 5.6% of them were not sticked a wristbands, wristbands were attached 76.7% of the patients as soon as they were hospitalized. 96.3% of the patients were found to be carrying white identity wristband while 3.7% of them had red wrist straps. 8% of the patients determined to have an allergy to a known item; of the patients claiming to have an allergy, 61.5% of them found to have white wrist straps, 38.5% of them have red wristbands, 81.1% of them were found to have been asked about their allergic reactions before attaching the wristbands.
CONCLUSION: It was determined that the faulty applications in identity wrist strap usage and it was found that patients no discomfort.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is the comparison of the nursing discharge education given by the nurse with patient education needs.
METHODS: Duration of this descriptive and sectional study was from 15 september 2010 till 30 april 2012 in Bakırköy Acibadem Hospital with patients and nurses. We questioned the demographic characteristics of the participants and applied The Patient Learning Needs Scale '' to the patients and nurses. We have the written approval from the nurses and patients who participate. The answers evaluated with Oneway Anova test, Turkey HSD, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test and Student test.
RESULTS: The 85 % of the patients is between 18-45 years old, 72% of them are womens and 65% are the students of the University. The 74% of the nurses is between 18-29 years old, 84% of them are womens and 85% of them are the clinical nurses. The expectation of discharge education of the patients is differences in drug education (p<0.05) but the expectation of the women patients is different (p<0.05). Importance of the title of the nurse’s education varies by to the nurses duty station (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The preference of the discharge education which is in “The Patient Learning Needs Scale ” is different for the patients and nurses, for example: difference of the situation and sex.

INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to examine the tendency of nurses to make medical errors and the affecting factors.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at a university hospital between May 2013 and June 2013. The sample group of the study involved 210 nurses apart from the nurses working in operating rooms, polyclinics and diagnosis units of a university hospital. The data were collected by using a questionnaire involving the demographic characteristics and working features and the Scale of Malpractice Tendency in Nursing. The SPSS for Windows 11.5’ statistical program was used to assess the data. The assessments were made based on central distribution criteria (mean, number and percentage distributions, standard deviation) and the significance level was taken as p<0.05.
RESULTS: It was determined that 67.0% of nurses who participated in the study encountered with medical errors. 41.8% of nurses stated that they witnessed the mistakes of physicians, 58.2% their colleagues and the most frequent medical error type was medication error (56.1%). The primary reasons of medical errors, on the other hand, involve excessive work load (64.7%), limited number of working nurses (60.0%), charging the nurses with off-duty works (51.4%) and fatigue (51.4%). The mean score of the Scale of Malpractice Tendency in Nursing was determined as 95.55±5.34.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: It was determined that nurses had a high tendency of making medical errors. It could be recommended to conduct studies and establish the medical error report system at hospitals in order to have a patient safety culture in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIVE: It is an important phase for nurses to know and carry out their own duties, authorities and responsibilities at gaining professional identity. There are functions of truly defined professions like determining manpower and training needs, the ability of performance evaluation, conflict solutions and so on. The aim of this study is to define the situations of their knowing, adopting and fulfilling their responsibilities in the areas they work and to rearrange the institutional duties, authorities, responsibilities.

METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study was consisted by 1202 nurses at 13 public hospitals in İzmir between the dates of 01-30 April 2013. For the aim of collecting study data, the task definition survey which included 24 different nursing areas was created by the researchers of this study in line with the law/regulations. Besides, data collection form which was developed according to literature and which includes sociodemographic properties of the nurses was used. At this research, the selection of samples was not realized but the volunteered ones to answer the questionnaire were included in. The data were gathered by the way of face- to-face interview method and percent number, variance analysis, t-test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the evaluation of the data.
RESULTS: According to data which were gained from this study, it was decided that the educational backgrounds of the nurses who are the part of this research are not effective in order for their knowing, adopting and fulfilling their responsibilities; however, it was defined that certificated nurses know, adopt and fulfill their responsibilities better. At this study, the situation of the nurses’ knowing, adopting and fulfilling their responsibilities according to their working areas were assessed.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: TThe institutional duties, authorities and responsibilities of the nurses who work at 13 public hospitals in Izmir Province were rearranged.

Nursing, based on philosophy, theory, practice and research, is a health care discipline trying to understand in case of health and disease human and focusing on requirements.. The main purpose of a professional discipline is to develop and create scientific knowledge content can be used in the practice of the profession. One of the ways to improve nursing-specific knowledge be tested by research and use in care of nursing models. In the literature use only the nursing process without nursing models is stated applications brought into mechanical work and insufficient to explain care applications. Primary brain tumors is a disease that affects every aspect of life, experiencing more serious problems than other individuals living with cancer due to changes in personality/self-perception in patients, to need more support to adapt. With this study in patients with primary brain tumors using roy adaptation model is intended to serve as an example can contribute to the solution of limitations on the use of care and understanding the theory of nurses. At the same time new information is obtained, a better understanding of this group of patients to nurses and can contribute to raising the quality of life reflecting care the patient.