INTRODUCTION: The current study aimed to determine the association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and level of knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 145 people with diabetes. Data was collected using the patient identification form, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL), and the Healthy Life Style Behaviors Scale (HLSBS)–II. For statistical analyses, percentages, means, Pearson correlations were calculated and the student t-test and the Kruskall Wallis test were used.
RESULTS: Among the people with diabetes, 49% had diabetes related complications; had mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels close to optimal values; and had mean fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels above optimal values. Mean CARRF-KL score (19.35±2.99) was above average, while mean HLSBS-II total score (127.98±18.91) was below average values. There was a significant and positive association between mean CARRF-KL score and mean HLSBS-II total score (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the risk for cardiovascular diseases is high in people with diabetes, that the participants had partially good levels of knowledge about risk factors but did not show satisfactory levels of health promoting behaviors and that healthy lifestyle behaviors increased with knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this descriptive and cross-sectional study is to determine the levels of burnout and job satisfaction of nurses working in pediatric units, and the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction.

METHODS: The study was carried out in two pediatric hospitals in Ankara. Participants of this study were 235 nurses. Data was collected with the Sociodemographic Data Form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The nurses manifested average burnout and job satisfaction levels. During the evaluation of data, parametric statistics including one-way ANOVA and Independent Sample t Test for group comparisons, and Pearson Correlation Tests for relations among quantitative variables were used. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to further examination of factors effecting burnout and job satisfaction levels.

RESULTS: According to the findings of the study, nurses emotional exhaustion mean score was found 20.0±6.89, personal accomplishment mean score was found 19.7±4.43, depersonalization mean score was found 5.7±3.38 and nurses' overall satisfaction score was found 2.6±0.62. Sub scales of burnout and satisfaction scales were related with each other at statistically significant level (p<0.05). The levels of burnout and job satisfaction of nurses changed significantly according to duties in the hospital, the ability of using autonomy, and utilization of regular leaves per week.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is recommended that levels of burnout and job satisfaction of nurses and the factors that affect them should be investigated regularly, and the working conditions should be improved.

INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted to determine the satisfaction level of nursing services of patients in a surgical clinics and internal science cilinic of a university hospital and the factor affecting this situation.
METHODS: As a descriptive study, the sample of the study included 166 volunteer patients, whowere hospitalized in internal and surgical science clinics of a university hospital, willing to participate in study, able to communicate, 18 years old or above and at least three days experience in clinics. In data collecting, a 34-item, 5 point likert type“Scale of the Patients' Satisfaction with Nursing Services(SPSNS)” and a 10 question information form containing descriptive characteristics of the patients, were employed. Data were assessed with percentage distribution, test t, Man-Whitney test U and Kruskal Wallis variance analysis.
RESULTS: The mean score of the patients in the scale is 134.38 (±24.05). When SPSNS score average was compared with age groups of patients, the education level, the clinics, the length of hospitalization, the previous hospitalization status and difference was found to be meaningful (p<0.05). When SPSNS score average was compared with gender and marital status and difference wasn't found to be meaningful (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Inpatients were found to be highly satisfied in terms of nursing care.

INTRODUCTION: Aim: This research was conducted to determine the use of nonpharmacologic methods to cope with the pain of cancer patients.
METHODS: Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 123 cancer patients. Data were collected using "Verbal Rating Scale (VRS)" and "Non-Pharmacological Methods Form" developed by the researchers based on literature.
RESULTS: Results: The average age of the patients participating in the study is 58.17± 15.13. 53.7% of the patients were female, 53.7% were literate-primary school graduates and 29.3% were breast cancer. Of the patients included in the study, 54.4% said they had severe pain and 82.9% said they used painkillers. It is stated that 87% of the patients pray for the pain relief, 63.4% massage the pain area, 59.3% read the Qur'an and 58.5% breathing exercises.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the majority of cancer patients use nonpharmacologic methods in addition to pharmacologic methods in order to cope with pain. Among the nonpharmacologic methods they use most frequently are; praying, massaging the pain area, reading the Quran, and breathing exercises

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intrapartum oxytocin induction on the labor pain and fear of labor.
METHODS: This study has a descriptive design and was performed in the maternity ward of a government hospital in Turkey. The sampling of the study included 52 pregnant women who recieved oxytocin induction (oxytocin group) and 55 pregnant women that did not receive oxytocin (not oxytocin group) according to inclusion criteria of the study. Visual analogue scales were used to determine pain severity and contraction frequency, and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire B version was used to determine fear of labor.
RESULTS: The women in the oxytocin group had a significantly longer duration of labor, a higher pain severity score, a greater contraction frequency and a high levels of fear of labor in the postpartum period than those in the not oxytocin group (p <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that oxytocin, which is used to induce or accelerate labor, caused an increase in fear of labor and more frequent and more severe labor pain. The management of the pain and fear associated with oxytocin induction in labor may have a positive effect on labor outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to examine the clinical leadership perceptions of physicians and nurses in terms of sociodemographic variables.
METHODS: This research is descriptive. The universe of this study covers whole physicians and nurses who serve in a public hospital in Burdur. In the study, sampling method was not applied, the whole universe was tried to be reached, the data were obtained from total 185 participants. Data were collected by face-to-face interview method from researchers. The Clinical Leadership Scale was used to measure the clinical leadership perceptions of participants in the study. Descriptive statistics, significance test of difference between two means and one way analysis of variance (Anova) were used in the analysis of the data. The data were analyzed by SPSS program.
RESULTS: According to the results derived from the study, the participants’ scores on all sub-dimensions of clinical leadership showed statistically significant difference in line with their professions (p<0.05). According to this in all sub-sub-dimensions, the physicians’ scores are higher than the nurses. In addition, the participants stated that 74.6% of them on management, 84.3% of them on leadership and 88.6% of them on clinical leadership did not receive formal training.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of this study it was determined that the participants had a high level of clinical leadership perceptions and that the highest average was in sub-dimension of the services management. In consequence of the development of clinical leadership training programs for both physicians and nurses is expected to further improve clinical leadership skills in health care institutions.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate reporting and methodological characteristics of systematic reviews published in nursing journals in our country between 2000 and 2016.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study included all nursing journals published in Turkey. The articles were screened using the keywords "nursing", "systematic review", "literature review" in web pages of nursing journals, Turkish Medline, TUBITAK ULAKBIM DergiPark and Google Academic. Data Extraction Form prepared by the researchers in order to reveal the characteristics of reviews, 27-items PRISMA statement was used in the evaluation of the reporting properties. Two researchers independently evaluated the reporting quality of review articles. Data were evaluated using Cohen's kappa, frequencies, mean and standard deviation.
RESULTS: A total of 26 systematic/literature reviews which published in nursing journals were included in the study. Average PRISMA scores were found 7.46±3.20 (min-max=1.5-13). The inter-rater agreement was high (κ=0.813, p=0.000). The title (76.9%), structured summary (57.7%) was best reported; methods, results, conclusion and funding sources were the least reported areas.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although increasing the number of systematic reviews in nursing journals in our country, reporting quality of the reviews is very low. Nursing journal editors, peer reviewers and researchers are recommended to use PRISMA guidelines to improve the reporting quality of systematic reviews.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of stages of change regarding exercise behavior as put forward by Walker and Avant.
Methods: The concept analysis of Walker and Avant was used in this study to explain the concept of stage of change regarding exercise behavior. A literature review was conducted using the following databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Ovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Academic Google and Ulakbim. The terms “stages of change” was scanned on the concept by the use of such phrases as “start to exercise”,”exercise and stage of change”, “exercise and concept analysis”, “stage of change and concept analysis”, “nursing and concept analysis”. Twenty one articles, one guidebook and four books were analyzed in study.
Results: With this concept analysis, the definition of the concept of stage of change related to exercise habits was examined, it was determined that process of change, self efficacy and decision balance are the related concepts to stage of change. The attributes of the concept such as denial, resistance to behavior change, instability, research, setting new boundaries assimilation of behavior change, dedication to behavioral change were constituted. Model and borderline cases were presented. Nursing practices were announced.
Conclusion: It was determined that while all of the properties of stage of change regarding exercise behavior are related to a person’s education. In this direction, the nurse must determine the state of being ready for transition to the person's exercise starting behavior and support progress in the stages of change.

It is significant to have individual, organizational and social efforts together for the protection from cancer and to increase the early diagnosis. It is important to structure and implement training programs that are supported by behavioral change models in order to increase the awareness of behaviors of participation in cancer screening programs and to display these behaviors regularly. The Precede-Proceed model is one of the guiding models that consider many factors related to a health behavior change. The model has been used in different studies in order to improve behaviors of participation in cancer screening programs for early diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the studies conducted using Precede-Proceed model for behaviors of participation in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programs as well as the usability of the model and its efficiency.

Stigma is a major problem in the treatment of mental illnesses. Due to stigma, patients have difficulties in seeking help, benefitting from treatment and reintegrating into the community, and patients and families are prevented from participating in social functions, or accessing education and employment opportunities. Although health care workers play an important role in the fight against stigma, attention is drawn to the stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students as a health worker. Given this issue, nursing education should be revised, and programs aiming to change knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors should be developed.
The aim of this present study is to share the process and results of the “antistigma education program” conducted under the mental health and disease course with nursing students.

The program was developed by the authors and was conducted between May 2013 and June 2013 within the scope of mental health and psychiatric nursing course. The aim of the program is to raise students’ awareness of stigma of mental illnesses and the effects of stigma and to encourage them to take responsibility in the struggle against stigma. The main output of the program will be the publication of a newspaper and production of an applicable project by the students within the scope of struggle against stigma. The program is structured in four-hour courses, and 128 students participated in the program. After the program, the students stated that they became aware of stigma, that their sense of responsibility increased and that this program played an effective role in solving the problem.

Conclusion: Feedback by the students and changes observed in their attitudes indicated that the program was positive results on struggling against stigma. It is recommended that similar programs should be implemented in nursing education and that the efficacy of the program should be evaluated.

Migration is a multidimensional phenomenon that cause individuals to leave their usual physical, social and cultural environment and to try adapting to a new environment. Migrating families encounter with many difficulties such as adaptation to a new environment, culture and restructuring their life. As a part of the family, children and especially adolescents are also affected by this condition. Because, if migration takes place in a period like adolescence, when individuals are trying to create an identity and relationships with peers, it causes detachment from the original culture and weakening of the relations, and consequently cause a damage on identity development and cause mental health problems.. These characteristics of adolescents experiencing migration phenomenon make it necessary to regard them as a risk group and to carry out mental health promotion activities with this group. In this context, mental health professionals, especially psychiatric nurses have important roles. Psychiatric nurses can define the problems and needs of this special group and plan preventive interventions for this group. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effects of migration phenomenon on adolescent mental health and the interventions psychiatric nurses can do about this issue.