In this article, transcultural nursing is reviewed in the light of the
literature. The key features of transcultural nursing, transcultural
health models and care practice are examined. Becoming aware of
patients' attitudes, beliefs, biases, and behaviors that may influence
patient care can help nurses improve access to and quality of care.
Nurses must pay attention to interpersonal relationships and develop
respect for the client’s value systems to determine patient's social and
family context, and provide patient-centered and culturally competent
care. This article study was done to outline nurses' activity in
transcultural care.

Loss in any period of life affect individuals in different ways. However,
death is the most influential and most hurtful grief experience of all.
Bereavement take place after each separation and loss. Experience of
bereavement and the response given are individual and every person
experience it differently. Along with individual responses, some
common physical, emotional, and behavioral responses are given in
the period of bereavement. Grief is a long process and it is hard to
give a termination date. However there are some signs to show the
period has been completed. Most individuals cope with their grief
together with the support from family and friends. Some people can
not achieve this and grief with complications, which require professional
help, emerge. This article defines and discusses the process of normal
grief and grief with complications, together with suggestions on how
to handle it.

Postpartum period is an important milestone in which a series of
rapid physiological and complex regeneration processes take place
and psycho-social stabilities are deteriorated. Nursing care
approaches in this period which are extensive and multi-dimensional
and directed to the needs of mother, infant and family as well as
protecting and improving their health. Nursing care during
postpartum period is a first-step assessment and under the control
of nurses. It is important to conduct a thorough and complete
assessment in order to provide an extensive and multi-dimensional
nursing care. In that respect, postpartum assessment tools such as
acronyms, checklists, algorithms and protocols are developed in
order to help in reminding the globally important regions and their
related expectancies. The aim is to assure an healthy condition of
mother in that period, to determine the existing and potential
problems, to prevent complications and to provide nursing care in
accordance with the nursing diagnosis formed upon assessments.
In conclusion, postpartum assessment will provide a holistic
approach and increase the quality of care.

Pain is a complex and personel phenomenon and includes not only
anatomical system and physiological behavior but also psychological,
social, cultural and cognitive agents. Nowadays it is accepted that
the critical illness is the most serious stress for people. It is also
accepted that the fear, the anxiety and the pain which develops
because of various reason in intensive care units effect seriously
the mortality aggravating the neuro-endocrinological stress reaction.
It should be check the pain of the unstable intensive care patients
by intensive care team. In terms of pain, those are the most important
features which distinguish the nurse’s role from the other health
professionals. Nurses would be with the patients longer than the
others, learn about the patient’s previous pain experience and the
methods to overcome it, apply these methods whenever necessary,
teach the patient how to overcome the pain, apply the analgesic
agents and follow up the patient. The effective pain control of
intensive care patients can be provided by using multidisciplinary
team approach and nurses who are well educated about pain
management. In this article, it has been informed about the reason,
signs and symptoms of pain and the role of the nurses in pain
management.

OBJECTIVE: The research is made in order to determine the reproductive
health acquirements and behaviour; as well as the social-economiccultural
characteristics of adolescent-married women, who reside in
high-immigration districts of Istanbul.
METHODS: The data from research was gathered by a questionnaire;
conducted during the interviews with 300 adolescent-married women
below the age of 24 and who have applied at The Ümraniye Central
Village Clinic, Private Afiyet Hospital in Ümraniye, ‹stanbul, during
May-July 2002. Averages, percentages and Chi square have been used
in the statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participant women was determined as
20±4; most of which were primary school graduates and housewives
(otherwise unemployed). Again, the majority of these women were
migrants to Istanbul. The mean marriage age was determined as 15.3±4
and the approximate duration of these marriages; as 3±2 years. The
results of the study indicated that the participants had insufficient
information regarding menstruation, sexuality, pregnancy, and sexually
transmitted infections (STIs). Majority of the women (77%) had
experienced at least one pregnancy. The answers to the questionnaire
also revealed that a 15.2% of the participants did not have routine
check-ups during their pregnancies, 45% did not use any family
planning method, 46.6% had consulted a physician at least once for
a gynaecologic problem.
CONCLUSION: The adolescent-married women who took part in the
research had inadequate information regarding pregnancy, menstruation,
sexuality, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and were determined
as a risk group due to reproductive health problems.