INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge levels of nursing department final year students to diagnose the symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect and to investigate their relationship with sociodemographic characteristics.
METHODS: The study was conducted with the senior students of the nursing department of a nursing faculty in İstanbul and a faculty of health sciences in Konya. 326 students participated in the study. “Information Form” and “Scale for Diagnosing Symptoms and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect” were used for data collection. Data were evaluated with mean, standard deviation, frequency, Student t test, One Way ANOVA test, Pearson Correlation, and Regression analysis.
RESULTS: The average score of the students was 3.55 ± 0.29. The lowest score (2.96 ± 0.38) was obtained from the subdimension of the Characteristics of Abuse and Neglected Children; they received the highest scores Symptoms of Neglect (3.97 ± 0.50); Physical Symptoms of Abuse and Neglect in Children (3.70 ± 0.37).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When the level of knowledge of abuse and neglect was compared with the maximum score of 5.0 in each subscale and total scale score, the level of knowledge of the students was not at the desired level. It may be suggested to make interventions (such as integrating into courses, opening elective courses) in the curriculum to increase the knowledge levels of students about the symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect.

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric patients who are treated in pediatric clinics are particularly at risk for hospital infections. It is needed to have a standardized policy for reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infection and to inform all professionals, especially nurses, about isolation practices and to evaluate the studies relation to isolation measures at regular intervals. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and compliance of nurses working in pediatric clinics related to hospital isolation precautions and symbols.
METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted among 220 pediatric nurses working at two children’s hospital in Ankara city center. Data was collected by using questionnaire form and Scale of Compliance with Isolation Precautions (SCIP). For data analysis; frequency, mean, percentage, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U-tests were used and the statistical significance level was accepted as P <.05.
RESULTS: The majority of the pediatric nurses in the study received education relation to hospital infections by in-service education. Among precautions from hospital infections, contact isolation was known mostly. The meanings of the isolation symbols were almost unknown. More than one-fifth of nurses considered using of symbols which may be easy to memorize if it was possible to change. The mean score of SCIP was 78.34 ± 11.25 and compliance levels for the isolation precautions of the nurses were high. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, getting education about isolation methods, unit which is worked at and scale score ( p <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Pediatric nurses’ training on hospital isolation methods, knowledge of isolation, and SCIP scores were high. The rate of knowing when the isolations disappear is not sufficient. The meanings of hospital isolation symbols were almost unknown. Education was effective on age and clinical SCIP scores. It may be recommended to repeat the trainings on the importance of isolation at certain intervals, to make arrangements for the isolation symbols or to focus more on the meanings of the symbols in the trainings, and to conduct research with a larger study group.

INTRODUCTION: In order to achieve the desired level of quality in education, it is necessary to regularly assess the students’ satisfaction with the education/opportunities offered by the universities they are studying at. The research was conducted to investigate the nursing students’ levels of satisfaction with their education and the factors affecting these levels.
METHODS: The descriptive type research was conducted in the Faculty of Nursing of a State University between April 2019 and January 2020. The research was conducted with 703 nursing students studying at the related faculty in the 2019-2020 academic year. The Student Satisfaction Scale (Short Form) and an Introductory Characteristics Form to determine the descriptive characteristics of the students were used in the collection of the study data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Descriptive tests, t test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 20.64 ± 1.54. Of the students, 70.4% was female, and 98.4% was single. The SSS-SF total score average (165.06 ± 37.50) of the students was at a moderate level, and highest score average was in the “Instructors” subscale by 41.85 ± 8.70 points. The students’ levels of satisfaction with their education were found to be affected by gender, year in university, academic achievement, status of preference of nursing department, status of love of the nursing profession, and participation in student clubs (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the research, the level of satisfaction of the students was found to be moderate, and the level of their satisfaction was found to be affected by some introductory characteristics of the students.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important indicators of patient safety and professional practice standards is operating room nursing competency. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on operating room nurse competency, influencing factors, and evaluation.
METHODS: The study was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR criteria. The searches were conducted using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Scopus and ProQuest, Ulakbim electronic databases, and the reference lists were completed after the literature review. Two researchers used the systematic review method to choose the studies that would be included. Finally, tables were prepared and reported for data extraction and analysis by summarising and combining the data.
RESULTS: This review includes research articles between 2006 and 2019 that meet the inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies, seven of which were methodological, five quantitative, five qualitative, and two mixed methods, were examined. Studies are mainly from Australia. Operating room nursing competency encompasses both technical and nontechnical areas. It was determined that the technical areas consist of fundamental nursing knowledge and skills specific to the operating room, while the nontechnical competence areas include social, affective, and cognitive skills that ensure safe and effective performance. It has been shown that the most critical factors influencing competence are education and experience, and five instruments have been developed to measure and evaluate.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that the technical and nontechnical areas of operating room nursing competency and the influencing factors should be investigated more comprehensively and in more detail. Implicit competence, composed of personality and self-motivation dimensions, should be examined more closely along these lines. The establishment of national and international standards for developing competency assessment instruments is also an essential requirement.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to analyze nurses’ attitudes toward and opinions regarding gossip and rumors, an informal communication channel.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted among 124 nurses working in a university hospital in the Central Anatolia Region. The data were collected using “The Descriptive Questionnaire” and “The Gossip and Rumor Attitude Scale”. Ethical approval and institutional permissions were obtained for the study. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the independent samples t-test, the Mann–Whitney U-test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test.
RESULTS: The nurses obtained the highest mean score (3.15 ± 0.49) on the identification subdimension and the lowest mean score (2.17 ± 0.72) on the effects subdimension of the Gossip and Rumor Attitude Scale. Among the nurses, 55.6% reported that they frequently encountered gossip and rumors, mainly related to nurses (37.4%) and personal matters (34.4%). No statistically significant difference was found between the subdimension scores according to age, gender, education level, the unit worked, and shift (P >.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nurses positively identified but negatively affected by gossip and rumor. Nurse managers should be aware of the positive and negative aspects of gossip and rumors, an informal way of communication, and have the ability to reduce the negative personal and institutional effects.

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to investigate the experiences of parents of adolescents aged 12-18 years with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in the management of the disease process.


METHODS: Parents (n = 10) of children aged 12-18 years who were treated in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Kars State Hospital for at least 2 years were included in the study on the basis of data saturation. Information was collected with introductory information form and semi-structured interview and interpretive phenomenological analysis was used.
RESULTS: In this study, the experience of parents to manage the disease process was examined, and 10 subthemes were identified under four main themes. These were “reactions of the parents against the disease” (emotional and behavioral), “difficulties in managing the disease process” (managing symptoms, social, and financial), “difficulties in managing the disease process” (assessment, problemsolving, and emotionoriented), and “inferences about managing the disease process well” (aimed at parents and school staff). When the findings from the themes and subthemes were evaluated, it was found that many of the parents felt sadness and concern about their child’s condition and showed mourning reactions such as denial and shock but also developed positive perspectives and an effort to become stronger after accepting the disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the research indicate that the holistic approach is important for the family to manage the treatment process well. When first diagnosed, parents should be allowed to express their emotions, revealing their strengths and strengthening their weaknesses. Emotion and behavior-oriented support programs will be useful for families to cope with their difficulties. Parents talk about the positive effect of information, so information resources and accessibility should be increased. School nurses should be trained to monitor the child’s behavior at school. Social support resources of the family should be evaluated and supported.

Medicinal leeches have long been used to treat some diseases since the ancient era. There are several species of leeches, and and are the major species living in Turkey. Turkey is one of the leading countries exporting leeches for medicinal purposes.In the pivotal studies by Haycraft, ahighly effective anticoagulant, namely hirudin, was detected in the saliva of leech in 1884. Hirudin disrupts thrombin activation by its anticoagulant characteristic and inhibits fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. Platelet aggregation is blocked, preventing leech aggregation over collagen surfaces.In contemporary medicine, medicinal products from some leech species have been used to treat cardiologic and hematologic disorders, and there is ongoing scientific research in this field. In addition to having afavorable ecosystem for leeches, Turkey should seize and maintain the opportunity to use leeches effectively and be the most preferred supplier worldwide. For nurses, understanding effects, adverse effects, and areas of usage for anticoagulant treatment of hirudotherapy, keeping them informed about developments in this field, and getting involved in novel studies are important to become professional in the hirudotherapy. In this review, we discuss areas of usage of hirudotherapy for anticoagulant purposes, role, and liability of nurses in this field.Hirudo medicinalisHirudo verbana

INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted descriptively in order to determine the factors affecting the attitudes and behaviors of pediatric nurses towards nurse-patient interactions and their level liking of children.
METHODS: The sample size of the study, the number of individuals in the population was determined according to the known sample calculation, and the sample of 294 pediatric nurses was formed. The research data were collected using the “Data Collection Form”, “Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (CNPIS)” and “Barnett Child Liking Scale (BCLS)”. The data were evaluated by number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samplet test, one-way ANOVA, correlation test, and linear regression.
RESULTS: Means for the importance, competence, and feasibililty dimensions of the overall scale were 319.93± 33.931, 291.01 ± 42.360, and 267.29 ± 53.673, respectively. It was determined that the total mean scores for the “significance, adequacy, and applicability” levels of the CNPIS were 319.93 ± 33.93, 291.01 ± 42.36, 267.29 ± 53.67, respectively. It was determined that the variables of age, marital status, educational status, department employed, working year, and working year as a pediatric nurse affected the mean CNPIS score of the nurses (P <.05). The nurses’ BCLS mean score was determined as 85.80 ± 13.74. It was determined that the nurses’ child liking scores varied according to the unit they were working in (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, it was determined that there are significant predictors on the nurses’ average child-liking points and the mean scores of CNPIS-Importance-Adequacy-Practicability and there is a strong positive relationship between them. It may be suggested that pediatric nurses be supported with in-service trainings so that they can plan their practices in line with child-liking and care-oriented interaction.

INTRODUCTION: This qualitative study aimed to identify the nursing care perceptions of older individuals undergoing surgery.
METHODS: In-depth interviews method were used to collect tthe data. The study was conducted in adult surgical clinics at a university hospital in Turkey in February 2018. A total of 15 patients who were >65 years of age and had undergone surgery were included in this study. The number of patients in the sample was determined using the purposive sampling method.
RESULTS: Seven themes were identified and grouped under three categories in this study. The patients thought that nursing care included spiritual values. The patients expressed the roles of nurses in care as fulfilling the needs of the patients, informing patients, and protecting and advocating patients’ rights. It was determined that both positive and negative attitudes of nurses during care also affect the patients’ perceptions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Planning and implementing care, taking into account the patients’ perceptions of nursing care, will increase the patients’ satisfaction with nursing care. The data obtained from this study including the perceptions of older individuals regarding nursing care and nurses’ roles in care will contribute to the development of protocols, care maps, and new researches related to nursing care.

INTRODUCTION: The study was carried out to determine the effect of hospital ethical climate on nurses’ perception of physical restraint.
METHODS: This correlational study has been done on the nurses who use physical restraint method, and these nurses work at Public Hospital and University Hospital. 200 nurses have been surveyed on this research. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS), and Levels of Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Staff Regarding Physical Restraints Questionnaire.
RESULTS: According to the findings of the research, it was determined that the HECS’s hospital and doctors sub-dimensions affect the knowledge level and attitudes of nurses regarding physical restraint. It was determined that hospital sub-dimension affect nurses’ practices regarding physical restraint.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, it was determined that the ethical climate of nurses affected the perception of the nurses about the level of knowledge, the attitudes, and practices of the physical restraint.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the nurses’ level of knowledge and attitudes toward prevention Main title Can you make a larger font? (Like Introduction)of pressure sores.
METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2018 with 164 nurses working in a state hospital in Lefkoşa, Kıbrıs. All nurses who accept to participate in the study are taken into analysis. The data were collected by using “Nurse Identification Form,”“Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument,” and “Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool.” One-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, and Pearson correlation test were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: It was found that the mean age of the nurses was 32.5 ± 3.41, and 65.2% did not receive any training for pressure ulcers. The total score of the Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument was 35.14 ± 3.55 (67%) and the level of knowledge was found to be partially sufficient. It was found that the nurses who participated in the study had positive attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention in general. According to the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool, the knowledge level of the participants was found to be partially sufficient. In addition, there was a positive and good correlation between the mean scores of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool and Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument (r =0.75,P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that knowledge level of nurses to prevent pressure ulcer was not sufficient and attitude scores were low. It was suggested that nurses should take information-raising initiatives and wound care nurses should be trained for counseling.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to evaluate the postgraduate nursing theses made using Social Cognitive Theory (SBT) in Turkey.
METHODS: This descriptive study based on the literature was carried out using master’s and Ph.D. theses in nursing. In July 2019, 51 theses were accessed by selecting the field of medicine from the detailed search bar of the database of the National Thesis Center and typing the search terms: social cognitive, social learning, social cognitive learning, model, hypothesis and theory. The titles and abstracts of these theses were analyzed using purposeful sampling. Number and percentage calculation, which are among the descriptive statistics, were used in the evaluation of the data.
RESULTS: A total of 15 SCT-based nursing theses between the years of 2003 and 2015 were used. Of them, 14 of the theses are doctorate and one is a master’s thesis. With six studies, it was determined that SBT was used mostly in the department of public health nursing. Of the studies, 40% was experimental, and 53.3% was quasi-experimental. It was determined that students constituted the sample in more than half of the studies (64.2%) and that the implemented programs were effective. Of the theses, seven used the primary sources where Bandura explains his theory, and three used SCT and provided similar results. Of the remainder, three formed the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure and were conducted accordingly, and four were associated SCT concepts with their results and discussed them.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It can be said that the rate of SCT use in nursing theses in Turkey is low compared to the international literature. SCT should be used in nursing practices and research due to the positive effects of several nursing programs that use it.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the effect of pediatric nurses’ professional values and job satisfaction on their intercultural sensitivities.
METHODS: This study was conducted between July and December 2018 with 119 pediatric nurses working in the pediatric clinics of a state hospital and a university hospital in the western region of Turkey. A “Descriptive Information Form,” the “Nurses Professional Values Scale,” the “Job Satisfaction Scale for Nurses,” and the “Intercultural Sensitivity Scale” were used to collect data. The SPSS 22.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data. The sociodemographic characteristics of the pediatric nurses were represented using percentage and mean values, and the effect of nurses’ job satisfaction and professional values on their intercultural sensitivity was evaluated using the simple regression analysis.
RESULTS: Of the pediatric nurses, 91.6% were female, and the mean age was 31.32 ± 6.56. It was determined that the majority of the nurses had not participated in a scientific activity/inservice education program on intercultural sensitivity before. A moderate positive correlation was found between pediatric nurses’ intercultural sensitivity, professional values, and job satisfaction (P <.001). A significant positive relationship was found in all the models established in the simple regression analysis performed in the study.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that pediatric nurses’ professional values and job satisfaction affected their intercultural sensitivity. Therefore, we recommend that these concepts, which affect nurses’ care, should be supported by interventional studies.

INTRODUCTION: This paper investigated nursing students’ physical examination skills and barriers preventing them from putting those skills into practice.
METHODS: The sample consisted of 98 intern nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing of Akdeniz University. Data were collected using a demographic characteristic questionnaire, the Barriers to Nurses’ Use of Physical Assessment Scale (BNUPAS), and the Physical Examination Skills Inventory. The study was approved by an ethics committee. Institutional permission was obtained.
RESULTS: Participants (66 women and 32 men) had a mean age of 22.3 ± 1.09. Thirty-six participants did clinical practice in surgical units and 34 in internal units. They used the physical examination skills of “inspection and palpation of the head region (71.4%)” and “evaluation for conjunctivitis and jaundice (65.3%)” once or twice during their clinical practice. They had high BNUPAS “lack of time and interruptions” (3.25 ± 0.81) and “ward culture” (2.92 ± 0.67) subscale scores.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nursing students mostly do not put their physical examination skills into practice as part of their daily patient assessment. Ward culture and lack of time prevent them from using their physical examination skills.

Simulation-based education provides the transfer of the theoretical and practical knowledge gained in the learning environment to the clinical environment. Learning in a clinical simulation takes place in debriefing. Accordingly, debriefing is the main component of clinical simulation. Debriefing is conducted under the management of a facilitator and is an activity performed after the simulation. Debriefing facilitates participants’ critical thinking through reflective thinking. The primary goal in performing a debriefing is to allow facilitators and participants to participate in and reflect on the simulated clinical experience. There are various models used to facilitate the information-sharing process in a debriefing. Several models have been proposed for discussions after simulation, which have been categorized as three-phase, multiphase, and other debriefing models and frameworks. In this review, the importance and methods of debriefing in simulation-based education are discussed.

Frailty is a condition in which physiological functions decrease with aging, and the body’s ability to adapt to stressors is impaired due to insufficient reserves. It causes many undesirable problems in the individual and increases morbidity and mortality. It has become a growing problem with the aging of society. Teamwork and individualized comprehensive planning are essential to prevent frailty. Although it is difficult to prevent frailty, it is possible to reduce, at least delay it, when the risk factors are known. Nurses always encounter frail people because they work in all areas of healthcare services. They have important responsibilities in determining the people at risk, managing interchangeable risk factors, and educating frail people and their families. This review aimed to determine the current approaches and responsibilities of nurses in preventing frailty.

Vaccine rejection is a behavior that threatens public health, not individual freedom. In the rejection of the vaccine about the vaccinations of the parents; “Thinking that the ingredients are harmful, not paying paid vaccines financially, thinking that sin is a religious belief, not believing that the vaccine is useful, thinking that vaccines may be produced in the future due to vaccines, thinking that vaccines are produced for financial purposes by pharmaceutical companies”. It is an expected situation that this increasing problem in the world and in our country poses serious health threats, causes social problems and will continue to open. It is important to analyze the rejection of the vaccine in more detail, to determine what needs to be done for the solution, to disseminate the studies and to develop policies in the country and around the world with the existing study results. Nurses have important responsibilities in providing support and counseling using the necessary communication techniques with parents in the event of a vaccine rejection possible. This review article was written to draw attention to the responsibilities of the nurse by detailing the issues of vaccine anti-vaccine rejection.

Psychomotor skill training is a process applied at laboratories for putting theoretical training into practice. In this training process, although students are trying to apply it on the model through following the demonstration and make students adopt this as a skill, gaining this skill may be deficient due to larger number of students and insufficient number of teachers. Therefore, technological hardware of today revealed availability of virtual reality applications that aim to make students gain experience as much as possible and whenever and wherever they want. Virtual reality is a part of simulation in nurse’s education and comprises the hardware at utmost reality level. As much the similarity with real world increases, the motivation and gains from the skills can be at best level. Studies where usage of the virtual reality increase day by day, studies on this issue newly commenced in our country. Therefore, this composition explained that the virtual reality applications in trainings of students to develop their psychomotor skills are important, and the studies conducted in relation with subject have been submitted; and it has been intended to be guiding study about feasibility thereof in our country.

Each year the number of preterm births increases. It is important for the healthcare professionals to use the individualized supportive developmental care practices in the neonatal intensive care units for a good start to life of these infants. However, it is risky for the future healthcare professionals to learn these practices safely in the real clinical environment for both the newborn and family health. For this purpose, a simulation design was prepared based on necessity of teaching the individualized supportive developmental care practices, which are required to be used commonly for newborns, in a safe care environment.