INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine musculoskeletal pain experienced by operating room nurses.
METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted between June and October 2015 on a total of 162 nurses. The data were gathered using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Survey and an individual characteristics form. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and the Mann Whitney-U tests were used in the data analysis.
RESULTS: It was determined that musculoskeletal pain in the operating room nurses participating in the study was in the back (56.8%), lower back (51.9%), and neck (49.4%) regions. Pain was also experienced in the shoulder (43.2%), foot/ankle (38.3%), and knee (31.5%) regions. It was found that 88% of the operating room nurses had back pain in the last year, 79.3% in the last month, and 57.6% in the last week. Musculoskeletal system pain was found to be more frequent in nurses who were younger and in those working longer weekly hours in the operating room (p<0.01.)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The musculoskeletal pain most frequently experienced in the operating room nurses was found in the back, lower back, and neck regions respectively. It is recommended that institutions identify the musculoskeletal problems of employees as well as establish and implement institutional policies to prevent the causes of such pain.

INTRODUCTION: The study was undertaken to determine patients' care needs and levels of dependence during the first month after CABG surgery.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive and correlational designed study was composed of 107 patients who had undergone CABG surgery. The data were collected using a questionnaire form developed by the researcher. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and One-Way Analysis of Variance, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Correlation Analysis and the t test were used as statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The health problems encountered by patients upon returning home after CABG were sleep disorders, pain, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal system and activity-related problems. Patients needed the most care with sleep problems, chest pain, cough, constipation and an inability to maintain their sleeping position. Being female was an important variable in terms of the number of health problems that required home care (p<.0001) and care dependency (p=.01). Patients with gastrointestinal problems needed more help than patients with the other common post-CABG problems (p=.0001). We determined that as the problems of patients that required home care increased, so did their dependency (p=.009).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study results can contribute to improving the post-hospital discharge training and home care services of patients after CABG.

INTRODUCTION: To adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS-TR).
Design. A methodological study.
METHODS: The scale was carried to determine the perceptions of interdisciplinary education of health professionals and students working with different occupational groups. The population of the study is a total of 215 university students from five different health undergraduate program of a university in Ankara. The validity of the scale and reliability of the scale were assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach alpha (α) coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
RESULTS: As a result of the factor analysis;17-item and 3-factor scale was achieved. The Cronbach alpha (α) coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.926, and it was found that the scale was valid and reliable.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study results show that the Turkish version of the IEPS is a valid and reliable instrument.
Relevance to clinical practice. The IEPS-TR can be used in measuring interdisciplinary perceptions of health care workers working with different occupational groups.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine the care behaviors and affecting factors perceived by women during infertility treatment.
METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted with 240 women during infertility treatment. The data were collected through a face-to-face interview with the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 with a 13-questions personal identification form. Number, percentage, t test, one way variance analysis and correlation tests were used in the analysis of the data.
RESULTS: The average score of the Caring Behaviors Inventory was 4.45±1.26 and they perceived the caring behaviors above the average. The mean of the assurance subscale was 4.49±1.33, the mean of knowledge and skill subscale was 4.89±1.25, the mean of respectful subscale was 4.17±1.36 and the mean of connectedness subscale was 4.26±1.34. The highest caring behaviors were found to be perceived knowledge and skills and the lowest were respectful. There was a statistically significant opposite correlation between marital status, infertility diagnosis and treatment duration (p = 0.000), and caring behaviors were negatively perceived as these durations increased.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: For the first time in Turkey, caring behaviors were evaluated during infertility treatment and it was determined that the perception of caring behaviors is on average, but need improvement.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of protective nursing interventions, such as education, practices including healthy nutrition and physical activity for reducing obesity risk and motivational messages that are sent via social media on the reduction of obesity risk at risk university students.
METHODS: This randomized controlled study, which has two parallel sections, was conducted with 70 university students who were in the obesity risk group. Experimental and control groups were randomly selected and assigned. Interventions regarding nutrition habits, physical activity practices, and motivational social media messages lasted for 11 weeks. The primary outcome measures were: nutrition–exercise attitude, nutrition–exercise behavior, and exercise benefit/obstacle score. The secondary outcome measures were: body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and body fat percentage. Data were collected by the assistant investigator, who did not know who was in the experimental and control groups. This study ensured blinding in terms of data collectors, statistical analyses, and reporting. The data were analyzed using the SPSS package.
RESULTS: -
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study is important as an example and in providing evidence for further studies to be conducted to reduce obesity risk.

INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted to identify the nurses' opinions about their hand washing attitudes and to assess their hand hygiene practices during routine care. It is a descriptive and observational research.
METHODS: The nurses (N=63) were asked about their views about hand hygiene habits. Nurses' hand hygiene compliance and hand washing behaviors were observed. Nurses were not aware that their hand washing behaviors were observed. Hand washing behaviors were assessed using the Hand-washing Observation Tool.
RESULTS: Nurses reported to wash their hands frequently ("often" or "always") during the routine patient care in the hospital setting. Researchers observed a total of 703 hand-washing indications. Unlike the nurses' self-reports on hand washing behaviors, hand hygiene compliance rates ranged from 0 to 2.3%. Hand washings were performed using water-soap (54.7%) and alcohol disinfectant (45.3%). Hand washing behaviors mostly were not performed using proper techniques or performed partly proper techniques (97.8%). Only 2.2% of cases washed their hands using proper technique. Nurses (21%) washed their hands for less than 5 seconds, 73.2% for 5-15 seconds, and 5.8% for more than 15 seconds.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Self-reported hand washing habits of the nurses were good, in general. However, the observations showed that hand hygiene compliance rates among nurses were extremely poor. The results revealed there is a need for improving the nurses' attitudes for hand washing and proper hand washing technique, and developing education about hand hygiene.

Abdominoplasty is repair of weakened and separated muscles when necessary, by resecting the excess skin and fat in the anterior abdominal wall. Abdominoplasty is one of the major surgical procedures commonly performed today to provide a smoother, flatter and healthier abdominal appearance. This surgical procedure improves patient's body image and quality of life while reviving loosening and sagging problems due to excessive weight loss and multiple pregnancies. Physical and psychosocial evaluation of the patient before and after the operation is extremely important for proper nursing care. In post abdominoplasty nursing care, positioning, using corset, pain management, maintenance of respiratory system functions, nutrition, movement activity, and wound care are significant issues. The purpose of this review article is to provide a resource for nurses to plan a care of patients who have undergone abdominoplasty.

Delphi is a decision-making and a consensus technique. It is a technique that allows the experts to make a decision and reconcile without face-to-face meetings and debates to be held together. The stages of this technique are creating a research group, choosing an expert group to conduct the study, conducting a series of structured questionnaires made for experts, evaluating the questionnaires with appropriate methods, giving feedback to the experts and reporting the reconciled result. The delphi technique can be used in many places such as application, research, obtaining views, forming a protocol, developing product and evaluating inclinations. The aim of this review is to give general information about the area of usage and aim of the delphi technique along with creating a source for the studies to be made in our country that will use the delphi technique.

Keywords: Delphi Techniques; consensus method; nursing

It is defined as abuse that damage to the body, mental health, life, biopsychosocial development or dignity of the child or the emergence of potentially harmful situation due to intentional physical force against the child. ‘Physical abuse’ is form of abuse that is the most common and easier to diagnose than others in line with the classification abuse. Mostly it apperances with physical findings as ecchymosis, bite marks, fractures, burns, internal organ injuries, head trauma, retinal hemorrhages. Early detection and diagnosis of physical abuse is very important due to serious mortality and morbidity rates. Therefore it is important that know how to recognize the findings of physical abuse as a clue of nurses who have the possibility of observing the child and the family for a longer period of time for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation process in the hospital setting. The purpose of the literature review prepared in the light of this information to provide information related to which findings are finding clues to physical abuse while nurses who have the opportunity to closely monitor the child in the definition of physical abuse closely evaluate the children and contributing to the early identification of physical abuse.

Developed in the 1980s, preconceptional care is a preventive health service aimed at protecting the health of the individuals and improving the birth outcomes before they have a child. The primary goal of the preconceptional care is to recognize early abnormalities in pregnancy, to initiate urgent and appropriate interventions. In short, it is to prevent the deaths and injuries by reducing the individual, environmental factors and behaviors that would disturb the maternal and child health with primary prevention. It’s seen appropriate to benefit from this service which aims to increase public health, not only for a certain group but also all women and men to be lifelong. In this context, nurses have the biggest role and responsibilities in giving preconceptional care where the utilization rate is not at the desired level in our country. Within these roles and responsibilities, there is a great need for nurses to constantly update their knowledge of preconceptional care and to provide effective counseling services to those receiving care. Thus, thanks to qualified care and consulting, awareness will be raised in the society and utilization rate of service will increase. In this article, the purpose of the preconceptional care which constitutes a major gap in the care given to our society, benefits provided and initiatives implemented in this context will be discussed in the light of the literature.

Infertility is an important problem that has cultural, religious and social aspects and that brings along biological, psychological, social, ethical and economic problems. Infertility with its different aspects is supposed to affect about 50-80 million pairs all over the world today. In other words, in the world one out of every 10 females on average and in Turkey, one out of every 6 married females are faced with this problem. Not only women but also their families, their spouses, the families of their spouses and many people in their immediate surroundings are affected by this problem. The impact of infertility is on the rise when all these are taken into account. Women’s infertility is perceived as being unable to conceive, unable to have children, unable to satisfy the maternal instinct, feeling isolated from society, feeling worthless and lonely, being unable to fulfill the role of femininity, having no one to look after in old age and lack of social role. Similarly to women, infertility of men is regarded as failure to fulfill the role of masculinity, fear of loneliness, inability to maintain the lineage, and lack of social security. As a result; this situation influences dyadic adjustment and quality of life negatively with its effect on couples' social lives, emotional situations, marital relationships, sexual lives, plans for the future, self esteem and the body image. At this stage, nurses play a key role in reducing stress and become key source of information for infertile couples.

This study explains with examples the historical development of ostomy and wound care nursing (OWN) in Turkey. OWN involves all of the necessary care practices required when determining the care needs of an individual who has undergone an artificial opening into abdomen, or in whom the anatomical and functional integrity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues/organs have been disrupted by external factors, when performing and evaluating the relevant interventions, when delivering care to render patients to fulfil their needs. Although the development of OWN dates last 1950s, its emergence in Turkey dates to the beginning of this century. The most remarkable progress noted in Turkey in this field’s been the establishment of the first Stomatherapy Unit, the foundation of the Association of Wound, Ostomy and Incontinence Nursing, while a further milestone’s been that the OWN was defined by the law in 2011 and its duties/power/responsibilities were described. As an occupation, OWN, which has come a long way along the road to fulfilling the necessary criteria for its professional recognition, has gained currency with a number of important projects in Turkey. In conclusion, OWN’s continuing its active development and settlement, and is making a difference in lives of patients/families alike.