The Impact of Simulation-Based Postoperative Pain Management Education on Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: Undergraduate nursing programs commonly include pain management education. However, studies indicate that nursing curricula often do not provide sufficient content and effective instructional methods to adequately prepare students for managing patients' pain. Simulation-based education offers experiential learning opportunities and is recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing learning outcomes.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of simulation-based education and traditional instruction on nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to postoperative pain management.

Methods: A quasi-experimental, comparative research design was employed. Students were assigned to groups based on the last digit of their student identification number. A total of 103 students participated in the study. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, and the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Scale. The educational program lasted four weeks and covered key topics in postoperative pain management. In addition to traditional instruction, the experimental group received high-fidelity simulation training. Data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: The mean age of participants in both groups was 21 years. In response to the item “Participants' Opinions on the Effectiveness Level of Nurses in Pain Management,” 68.6% of the experimental group and 71.2% of the control group rated it as “Effective.” The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in knowledge and attitudes toward postoperative pain management compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of self-efficacy. Notably, both groups showed an increase in self-efficacy levels over time.

Conclusion: Simulation-based training enhances knowledge and attitudes related to postoperative pain management; however, it does not produce short-term improvements in self-efficacy. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of simulation-based education on clinical competence.

Keywords: High-fidelity simulation training, nursing education, nursing student, postoperative pain, simulation