Research provides the essential foundations for best nursing practice
but the merger of research and practice is still problematic as nurses
are said to not value or understand research. It is recommended that
research should be promoted during nurse undergraduate education.
Instead of blaming nurses for the research practice gap we should try
to understand the environment in which nurses work. Research teams
that bridge educational and clinical settings have proven effective and
have the potential to both reduce the workload and highlight to clinical
nurses and hospital administrators the importance of research in the
promotion of optimal nursing care.

Malnutrition is ranked first among the causes of child and infant
mortality in developing countries. Growth development is one of the
most important features that separates children from adults and is also
a fundamental indicator of child health. Growth monitoring is very
important for the early diagnosis of childhood illnesses; it evaluates
nutritional status and detects the slow down or halting of growth.
Primary health care nurses and physicians have the prime responsibility
to put childhood growth monitoring into practice. By implementing
the updated national and international growth monitoring standards,
positive effects will be seen in public health and childhood mortality
rates will be significantly reduced.

Gastroesophagel reflux is defined as involuntary movement of
gastric contents to the esophagus is a common condition in infants.
The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux reduces with advancing
age; however, early observation and diagnosis are important. Many
attacks of gastroesophageal reflux are harmless and short-term and
may occur 20-50 times a day in healthy infants, children, and
adults. In children with cerebral palsy, neurological development
disorders, or other chronic diseases of prematurity, reflux is more
frequent and possibly severe. In reflux, many factors may be
responsible such as genetics, diet, esophageal disorders attributable
to cell damage, or stomach hernia. Clinical signs and symptoms
include regurgitation, vomiting, irritability, delay in growth,
aspiration pneumonia, wheezing, bleeding, esophagitis, and anemia.
There are also many complications that may linical signs, diagnostic
methods, treatment, complications, include sleep apnea, stricture,
and Barrett's esophagus, etc. In this review, the prevalence, causes,
and nursing care related to gastroesophageal reflux are emphasized.

Understanding nurses’ intentions for quitting their jobs is important
since it is the step preceding their decisions to quit their jobs and
has a negative impact on both nursing and patient outcomes when
it occurs. One of the most important causes of a decrease in the
number of nurses in Turkey and the world is nurses quitting their
jobs. Nurse managers should be able to describe the organizational
climate in their workplaces in order to understand the process
through which nurses decide to quit their jobs, to prevent it, and
to strengthen perceived positive attitudes towards the organizational
climate. Unhealthy working conditions which force nurses to leave
their jobs affect the employment of nurses. The aim of this article
is to attract the attention of hospital management and nurse managers
to this issue and to provide guidance in developing strategies for
improving nurse retention.

OBJECTIVE: Nursing shortages are not only a serious problem in
Turkey, but also around the world. Apart from insufficient staffing,
the high turnover rate, especially at university and private hospitals
in the past ten years, is a top priority for nurse managers. However,
there are no data about the turnover rate and reasons for turnover
among nurses in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to analyze the
turnover profile of nurses at university hospitals over the last five years
and to determine the reasons temporary staff nurses quit their positions
at these hospitals.
METHODS: The research was carried out at three university hospitals.
Research data were obtained retrospectively from hospital records.
The questionnaire contained the following information: The numbers
of regular staff nurses and contract nurses who quit their jobs, total
employed nurses from 2003 to 2007, and the reasons for quitting
their jobs. Based on the obtained data, the turnover rate for each year
was calculated.
RESULTS: Turnover of regular staff nurses from 2003 to 2007 at the
three universities studied in the research was found to range between
2.0-5.3%, and that of contracted staff nurses from 2.2-17.5%. The
resignation rate of contracted nurses who left the hospitals during the
period in question due to their passing centralized state employee
examinations for state employment was at a range of 30.9-82%.
CONCLUSION: Nursing turnover at university hospitals continues to
increase steadily with each passing year. In view of the shortage of
qualified nurses in Turkey, both on the level of individual organizations
and on a national basis, the researchers offer recommendations for the
adoption of measures in order to prevent excessive mobility in the
nursing profession.

OBJECTIVE: Before forming a patient safety culture, necessary
strategies must be decided by identifying employee attitudes about
patient safety. This methodological study has been done in order to
adapt the “Patient Safety Attitudes Questionnaire” to Turkish.
METHODS: The sample consisted of nurses employed in eight hospitals:
a university hospital, 3 state hospitals, and four private hospitals. 250
nurses were selected from each of these hospital groups bringing the
total to 750 nurses. Different versions of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire
- SAQ developed by Sexton et al. and a questionnaire of nine questions
were used in the research. A questionnaire draft consisting of 67 items
was prepared. After the approval of ethics board and other written
authorization, the data collection tool with any necessary explanations
was given to the nurses who volunteered to join the research. The
return rate for the research was 90%. 675 questionnaires that were
fully completed were statistically evaluated and tested with t-test,
Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient,
factor analysis, and item total score correlation analysis.
RESULTS: For language validity, a total of five people made translations
and then came together to revise the translations. For scope validity,
a draft questionnaire of 67 items was presented to 8 experts for analysis
and revised based on their views. It was found in the test/re-test analysis
that the questionnaire was reliable. After the item analysis, with the
removal of items that had an item total scale correlation value under
35 (21 items) from the draft, there were 46 items left. Upon the factor
analysis for structure validity, the factor loads of the questionnaire
were between.354 and.789, and it was seen that they were divided
to six sub-factor groups in accordance with the original questionnaire.
CONCLUSION: The “Safety Attitudes Questionnaire” can be used as a
valid and reliable questionnaire for the nurse group.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge and
attitudes of nursing/midwifery students about stem cells and banking
of umbilical cord blood.
METHODS: This study method is descriptive cross-sectional. The
population of this study consisted of 364 nursing and midwifery
students who were studying at Bakirkoy School of Health Science in
Istanbul, Turkey. Students volunteered to participate in this research
during the time of the study and the data were collected by a 41-item
questionnaire which was prepared by the researchers. The questionnaire
included questions about their knowledge and attitudes towards stem
cells and banking of umbilical cord blood.
RESULTS: The results showed that approximately half of the students
had knowledge about this issue, but their levels of knowledge were
inadequate. Students reported that they had not had many questions
from mothers or families. One-third of students agreed that nurses
and midwives should be a source of information on this issue. 69%
of students had positive opinions about the fact that cord blood can
be used by everyone who needs it.
CONCLUSION: The latest developments and advances in the therapeutic
use of stem cells and cord blood should be added into the nursing
and midwifery curriculum in line with current advancing medical
expertise.