INTRODUCTION: The climacteric period is a stage that includes premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal periods and in which women experience emotional, physical, intellectual, social, and sexual changes. It is stated that women with hearing impairments have insufficient knowledge about the climacteric period. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of planned education for women with hearing impairments on the symptoms in the climacteric period.
METHODS: Data were collected from 106 hearing-impaired women by using the women’s descriptive characteristics questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale. After the data collection phase, the planned education was given to women by using Turkish sign language. Three months after the education phase, climacteric symptoms were reevaluated with the Menopause Rating Scale.
RESULTS: Hot flashes, sleep problems, nervousness, apprehension/concern, physical, and mental fatigue mean scores decreased after the education. The mean score of the somatic (before education: 3.5 ± 3.2, after education: 3.0 ± 3.0), psychological (before education: 3.0 ± 3.6, after education: 2.2 ± 2.9), and the total Menopause Rating Scale (before education: 7.3 ± 6.8, after education: 6.2 ± 6.9) were determined significantly lower after the education.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the education given to women with hearing impairments reduced the severity of symptoms experienced in the climacteric period.

INTRODUCTION: The number of people with Alzheimer’s disease has been increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries including Turkey. For early diagnosis, prevention, and management of Alzheimer’s disease, health professionals and particularly nurses need to have sufficient knowledge. This study was carried out to determine nursing students’ knowledge levels of Alzheimer’s disease and related factors.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 266 nursing students from a state university. The data were collected using a personal information form and Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale between April and May 2019. Independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation test, and one-way ANOVA test were used in the statistical analysis, and the results were presented as numbers, means, medians, and percentages.
RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 20.91 ± 1.72 years, and 13.5% had a family mem-ber with Alzheimer’s disease. The students’ total Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale score was 18.00 ± 2.70. It was determined that the students’ grade (F = 4.722, P = .003) and having a family member with Alzheimer’s disease (t = 1.911, P = .051) affected their knowledge level of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that age (r = 0.087, P = .155) and sex (t = 0.131, P = .896) were not correlated with the nursing students’ knowledge level of Alzheimer’s disease.Conclusion: It was determined that the nursing students had moderate knowledge levels of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease should be included in the nursing curriculum more, and it must be aimed to increase the students’ knowledge level about Alzheimer’s disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the nursing students had moderate knowledge levels of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease should be included in the nursing curriculum more, and it must be aimed to increase the students’ knowledge level about Alzheimer’s disease.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral intravenous catheter applications, in addition to the traditional method in various clinics, are among the common methods using ultrasound guidance.
METHODS: The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design on 30 patients who were treated in a daily chemotherapy unit and agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study were collected using “Patient Information Form,” “State Anxiety Inventory,” “Pain Scale,” “Satisfaction Scale,” “Infiltration Scale,” “Visual Infusion Phlebitis Assessment Scale,” and “Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Follow-up Form.” Patients were randomly assigned to the application groups, peripheral intravenous catheterization was performed using ultrasonography-guided method and the traditional method, and the application methods were repeated by crossing the groups. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, a Chi-square, and paired t-test.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in the study was 56.16 ± 12.29 and the mean body
mass index was 32.71 ± 4.43. Of which, 53.3% of the patients were male and 36.7% of the patients had lung cancer. There was no significant difference between ultrasonography-guided method and the traditional method. Peripheral intravenous catheterization applications in terms of success rate (100.0%-93.3%), number of interventions (1 ± 0.0-1.20 ± 0.40), and state anxiety score means (46.93 ± 6.10-45.10 ± 6.60), respectively. In the USG-guided method, while the time spent was 63.33 ± 34.52 second, pain intensity was 1.53 ± 1.13, and satisfaction level was 9.76 ± 0.81, a significant difference was found in terms of the time spent (84.53 ± 47.13 second), pain intensity (2.96 ± 1.77), and satisfaction score average (7.433 ± 1.40) in the traditional method. A statistically significant difference was found between these results obtained in both application methods (P <.05). There were no complications that occurred in the patients of both application methods.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that the application of peripheral intravenous catheter in ultra-sonography-guided method reduced the time spent for the intervention, reduced the pain felt, and increased the level of satisfaction, however, had no effect in terms of complication development. The study is recommended to be repeated in different clinical area and patient groups.

INTRODUCTION: Positive mental health and emotional intelligence skills are crucial factors likely to protect nurses’ mental wellbeing.
METHODS: This study was performed to identify the relationship between nurses’ emotional intelligence skills and positive mental health. Designed as an analytical cross-sectional study, the research was conducted from September to December 2019 at a training and research hospital of a university located in the Aegean region of Turkey. The research population was composed of 750 nurses working actively at the aforementioned hospital while the research sample had 331 nurses selected from the population by using the simple random sampling method. The research data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale, and the Positive Mental Health Scale. Sociodemographic data were analyzed by using number and percentage distributions while the relationship between the two variables, namely emotional intelligence skills and positive mental health, was examined via Spearman’s correlation analysis.
RESULTS: Nurses had a mean age of 39.20 ± 8.32 years, and of all participant nurses, 89.1% were female, 49.8% held a bachelor’s degree, 77% voluntarily selected the nursing profession, and 58.9% were satisfied with the nursing profession. Besides, the means of total scores obtained by nurses from the Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale and the Positive Mental Health Scale were successively 145.22 ± 24.71 and 72.54 ± 15.17 points. Moreover, a strong negative relationship was identified between nurses’ mean Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale and Positive Mental Health Scale scores (r = −0.61; P = .000). Also, the mean of nurses’ Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale scores had moderately negative relationships with means of scores obtained by them from the Personal Satisfaction Sub-Scale (r = −0.53; P = .000), Autonomy Sub-Scale (r = −0.55; P = .000), Interpersonal Relationship Skills Sub-Scale (r = −0.56; P = .000), Problem-Solving and Self-Actualization Sub-Scale (r = −0.44; P = .000), and Self-Control Sub-Scale (r = −0.40; P = .000) of the Positive Mental Health Scale and a weak negative relationship with the mean of scores obtained by them from the Pro-Social Attitude Sub-Scale (r = −0.34; P = .000) of the Positive Mental Health Scale.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that nurses had medium-level emotional intelligence skills and positive mental health above the medium level. Additionally, it was identified that there was a positive relationship between nurses’ emotional intelligence skills and mental wellbeing.

INTRODUCTION: The surgical treatment of breast cancer has a negative impact on body ımage. Identification of body image concerns is key to enable appropriate management. Therefore, there is a need for a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the body image of patients. This study aimed to adapt the Body Image after Breast Cancer Questionnaire for Turkish women with breast cancer.
METHODS: It was carried out at a hospital in Istanbul with 500 breast cancer patients. Language, content, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of scale were examined. Factor analysis, Cronbach α, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.
RESULTS: In this study, expert opinion was obtained after the translation was made. There was a concistency between the opinions of the experts regarding the items in the scale. The content validity index of the scale was calculated as 0.93. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loads of the items were explained that 50.58% of the total variance.
The overall Cronbach α reliability coefficient of the scale was.672, and the subdimension Cronbach α coefficients were between.618 and.841. The correlation coefficient of the scale between test and retest was.912 (P <.001). Confirmatory Factor Analysis results showed that the factor structure of the adapted scale was compatible with the six-factor model of the original scale. It was confirmed that the scale consists of 6 subdimensions: “vulnerability, body stigma, limitations, body concerns, transparency and arm concerns.”
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings of the study showed that the Turkish version of the Body Image Breast Cancer Questionnaire’s validity and reliability were acceptable.

INTRODUCTION: Massage is one of the applications that has a positive effect on the growth of premature babies. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of massage on growth in premature babies.
METHODS: In this systematic and meta-analysis study, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), Medline, Web of Science, Nursing & Allied Health Database-ProQuest, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases were explored in order to determine the studies on the effect of massage on growth in premature babies between 2000 and 2020. Six studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 308 premature babies were included in this systematic review and metaanalysis. It was found that the head circumference (MD: 0.97, 95% CI: min: 0.73, max: 1.21, P <.001) and total weight gain (MD: Mean difference 129.09, 95% CI: min: 79.58, max: 178.60, P <.001) of the babies in the massage group are statistically significantly higher than the infants in the control group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that massage increased head circumference and total weight gain in premature babies but did not affect the length and daily weight gain. There is a need for more randomized controlled studies in order to examine the effect of massage on growth parameters in premature babies.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical governance climate is a governance approach that aims at supporting communication and interaction, minimizing errors, and continually improving and developing service process in organizations.
METHODS: The study population was composed of 1845 nurses working at public, university, and private hospitals in Trabzon Province. The sample was composed of 315 nurses recruited using a stratified sampling method. Data were collected using Information Request Form and Clinical Governance Climate Questionnaire.
RESULTS: According to the nurses, the clinical governance climate score of hospitals was 182.62 ± 28.32 (min = 60, max = 300). In the study, it was found that the average total score and the subscale scores of the clinical governance climate of those nurses who were (1) aged ≤25 years and ≥36 years; (2) were female; (3) worked in managerial positions; (4) chose the clinical service where they were employed willingly; (5) were satisfied with the clinical service, nursing profession, and managers; (6) cared for 11-20 patients in a shift, knew what clinical governance was; and (7) joined trainings/meetings about clinical governance were significantly and statistically different as compared to other nurses (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Nurses regarded and assessed the clinical governance climate of the hospitals where they worked as moderate. As a result of the study, it was recommended that educations and trainings about clinical governance climate be provided to nurses; interventions that will maximize their satisfaction be made; they be given the chance to choose the clinical servicers where they will work; and the number of patients be kept balanced.

INTRODUCTION: Interventional cardiology nursing is a highly specialized nursing specialty in which knowledge and skills from various nursing disciplines such as cardiovascular, intensive care, and operating room nursing are combined. The study was conducted to analyze the procedural factors affecting the workload of interventional cardiology nurses and to determine incompatibilities between supply and requirements in terms of manpower planning and laboratory efficiency.
METHODS: Methods: The study was designed as prospective, observational, and descriptive. The data were collected between May 1 and 30, 2019, in cardiac catheterization laboratory with single operating room. Regarding 4 different interventional procedures, records have been kept about “clinical data for procedures, perioperative nurse functions and workload” and the relationship between those data has been analyzed.
RESULTS: Results: In the study, a total of 39 procedures were observed. Mean fluoroscopy times, total nurse workloads, and room turnover times were, respectively, 7.1 ± 2.8, 34.7 ± 9.5, and 9.1 ± 2.7 minutes in coronary angiography, 34.4 ± 23.17, 91.2 ± 51.9, and 15.6 ± 6.6 in percutaneous coronary intervention, 61.9 ± 22.6, 124.6 ± 28.7, and 22.0 ± 3.7 in permanent pacemaker implantation, and 111.6 ± 26.2, 187.3 ± 45.8, and 41.3 ± 20.1 in peripheral vascular interventions. About 41.02% of the procedures took place between 10 AM and 1 PM, when there were 3 nurses in the unit. Between 1 PM and 3 PM and between 3 PM and 5 PM when the number of nurses in the unit was 4, the percentage of procedures that took place was 20.5% and 17.9%, respectively. In the peripheral vascular interventions, postoperative nursing workload was found to be higher (P <.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Workload of interventional cardiology nurses are higher than total operation and fluoroscopy times. The operating room turnover time shortens if the number of circulating nurses involved in procedures increases. In order to improve the efficiency and productivity of these units, it is recommended to consider “fluoroscopy times and nurse workloads in different procedures,” “distribution of procedures during the day,” and “the room turnover times.”

INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreading worldwide has caused many restrictions in the lives of individuals as well as in hospitals. There is a need to examine the effects of COVID-19 and these restriction practices on patients undergoing surgical intervention.
METHODS: The study sample consisted of 20 patients who underwent elective spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a training and research hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews by using telephone. The content analysis was used.
RESULTS: In this study, the patients stated that they experienced anxiety during the decision-making process, were forced to make decision due to the difficulties they experienced, and overcame their concerns by trusting the hospital and their doctors. Most of the patients stated that they had fear of transmission of infection during their hospitalization and expressed that they had trust and distrust of preventive measures taken at the hospital. In addition to patients who felt ready to be discharged after surgery, there were also patients who stated that they wanted to stay in the hospital more due to pain. Most of the patients stated that they tried to cope with the problems such as wound care and pain at home by themselves.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on patients who need surgical care. In addition to the implementation of preventive measures against infection, the use of technological applications such as telehealth for educating patients before the surgery and follow-up after surgery can improve the experience of patients in the perioperative process during the pandemic.

Sjögren’s syndrome is a significant health problem and the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease, which can cause common systemic symptoms and negatively affect patients’ quality of life and survival. The main symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome include dry mouth and eyes. According to the guidelines, the treatment and management of dry mouth should be done by a multidisciplinary team. It is recommended to evaluate salivary gland function before starting treatment for dry mouth. It is very important to enquire about the drugs used by the patient; to obtain a comprehensive medical history, including physical examination; to perform special function tests; and to evaluate the symptoms. It is recommended to use topical fluoride and fluoride remineralizing agents in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and dry mouth. The responsibilities of nurses include making evaluations, providing oral care, preventing symptoms that may develop in the mouth, providing support to patients when necessary, and training patients. Nurses make valuable contributions in standardizing the symptoms of patients, managing the care interventions to be applied, training to be given to the patients, and preventing their repeated admissions to the health institutions. The aim of this review is to examine the importance of oral care, current approaches, and nursing interventions in patients diagnosed with Sjögren’s syndrome.

Leadership is defined as the sum of the knowledge and skills to gather a group of people around specific goals and mobilize them to achieve these goals. When the development of leadership in the nursing profession is evaluated, it is seen that it is progressing in parallel with the social events and changes in the health system. The nurse's leadership role is an important component of the profession in the development of the profession and in providing strong healthcare service to the community. There is a leadership role wherever the nursing profession is applied. The aim of this review is to discuss the leadership role and necessities of nurses in the changing health system in today's world where changes occur in every field such as social, economic, and political, and in the solution of health problems caused by these changes.

Women face problems in different stages of life such as menstruation, prenatal, postnatal, and menopause. The commonality of women’s health problems is that they affect women’s productivity, performance, and quality of life. The diversity of problems related to women’s health and the absence of a drug or treatment that can completely eliminate these problems have led women to traditional and alternative therapy methods. Aromatherapy is one of the traditional and alternative therapies that help women cope with their health problems and relieve symptoms. This review article was conducted to investigate the use of aromatherapy in women’s health.

The aim of this review is to reveal the effects of changes occurring during the menopausal period on sexual health and nursing approaches to it. During this period, changes in vasomotor, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular system, and skin and body perception are observed. As a result of these changes, decreased sexual desire and motivation, coital difficulty, dyspareunia, vaginismus, avoidance of sexual intercourse, libido, orgasm, and lubrication problems may occur. Education, which includes regular and balanced nutrition, adequate sleep and rest, regular physical activity, Kegel exercises, and communication with a partner, is among the important nursing approaches to improving sexual health. Upon the increase in life expectancy, since women spend a third of their lives in the menopausal period, approaches to improving sexual health during this period will contribute to improving the quality of their life.

Pharmacotherapy gains importance in newborns due to the differences in body physiology. Newborns need special drug treatments due to their anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences that change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. Factors such as gastric pH and emptying time, intestinal transit time, immaturity of secretion, total body water, immaturity of the neurological and the urinary systems may result in age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Due to the immaturity of the body systems of the newborns, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drugs from the body are different from that in adults. Knowing the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in medicaments and their appropriate treatment is of great importance in the prevention of drug errors. From these perspectives, neonatology nurses have crucial roles to play in providing patient safety in their care. The aim of this review is to develop a guide regarding the essential principles of pharmacokinetics in newborns and safe drug administrations. In this review, the newborn pharmacokinetics and nursing approaches are examined under three subtitles: (1) pharmacological definitions-principles, (2) pharmacokinetics in newborns, and (3) responsibilities of the nurse. It is expected that this study will guide neonatal nurses in practice and shed light for further research and new studies on pharmacotherapy and safe drug administrations.

The nursing profession aims to provide quality, efficient, and effective care to individuals. Toward this, nurses should use significant nursing theories to provide the desired care and ensure the professionalization and continuous improvement of the profession. One of these theories is the story theory. The story theory focuses on the communication between the nurse and the patient. This theory aims to enable the patients to tell their complicating health challenges through intentional nurse–patient dialogue. There are three basic concepts in the story theory: intentional dialogue, connecting with self-in-relation, and creating ease. It provides nursing care through the storyplot method and 7 inquiry phases.

Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable gynecological cancer, which ranks fourth among cancers seen in women worldwide and tenth in our country, and can usually be detected in advanced stages of the disease. In advanced stages, some problems, including particular organs and systems, such as pain, vaginal secretion, fistula, vaginal bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, edema in legs, and air hunger in the patient can emerge as a result of both the disease itself and the organs it has spread in and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy applied to the patient for medical purpose. It is not possible to control all of these problems with medical treatment. This situation requires palliative care in the effective management of the disease. Palliative care in cervical cancer is provided by a multidisciplinary team, and the nurse is a significant member of this team. A nurse fulfills several roles and responsibilities including symptom management in palliative care of cervical cancers, fulfillment of a honorable death, and supporting the family during the mourning period. Thus, in this compilation, nursing practices related to symptom management in palliative care of cervical cancer patients and the end-of-life period will be discussed.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive chronic disease that progresses with exacerbations that cause significant mortality and morbidity. This disease causes physical, psychosocial and emotional deficiencies along with respiratory distress. It also restricts the patient’s life activities. In this case, the nurse should strengthen the self-management of the individual. Self-care must be carried out on the basis of self-management. Orem self-care is defined as actions performed by the individual to maintain the life, health and well-being of the individual. According to Orem’s self-care theory, the individual should take care of himself and take the responsibility of care. An individual may need a nursing process for self-care needs that are universal, developmental and devoid of health. According to the problems determined in the nursing process, professional nursing care is carried out with evidence-based nursing interventions. In this article, it is aimed to diagnose the patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease within the framework of Orem Self Care Deficiency Theory and to create an evidence-based nursing care plan by classification of nursing interventions and care outcomes together with nursing diagnoses.

Nursing care provided to persons with disabilities is vital as healthcare needs of these individuals are higher than other patients. This case report presented information on nursing care provided before and after flap surgery to a 30-year-old male with physical disability due to the fall from height when he was 22 years old. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to a burn wound that occurred 2.5 years ago, which resulted in loss of sensation in his left foot. Based on the tomography results, flap surgery was planned for the wound site. In addition to urinary incontinence, constipation, and neurological problems caused by spinal cord injury, the patient suffered from anxiety and pain due to flap surgery, which, in turn, increased his need for care. We conducted face-to-face interviews and used Gordon’s functional health patterns model to identify the patient needs so that the best patient care could be provided. This model guides the health professionals to collect systematic and standardized data on 11 functional health patterns.