INTRODUCTION: The peer tutoring program in the clinical and basic skill laboratory enhances the student’s satisfaction by reducing their individual anxieties. The study was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of peer tutoring program that was applied to improve the skills of students at clinical skills laboratory and clinical practice.
METHODS: In the study, descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Six third-year students were selected as tutors, and in-depth focus group interviews were conducted with 22 second-year students who participated in the peer tutoring program. The study was carried out in the skills laboratory in June 2016, within the scope of the “Nursing Fundamentals” course, in the context of basic skills and nursing care plan preparation in clinical applications. Content analysis revealed categories, themes, and sub-themes.
RESULTS: Results of the study were presented in the following 4 themes and sub-themes: (1) “comfortable learning environment” (one of us, convenient communication), (2) “increasing social interaction” (accessible, friendly approach), (3) “increase in self-confidence” (feeling accomplished), and (4) “effects in clinical practice” (clinical environment, lack of knowledge).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, it was determined that the use of the peer tutoring program increased the students’ self-confidence and social interaction to work in a comfortable learning environment without experiencing any judgment and stress, and it also facilitated learning.

INTRODUCTION: Reducing children’s pain during medical procedures is important for their response to painful procedures later in life and for their acceptance of medical care. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the Buzzy® device used in subcutaneous administration to hospitalized or outpatient children in pediatric oncology immunology. The combination of vibration and ice physiologically suppresses the body’s pain nerves and provides natural pain relief within seconds.
METHODS: The study, conducted as a quasi-experimental single-group pretest–post-test design, was completed with 26 children aged 6-18 years. In this study, Introductory Information Form, Application Registration Form, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, and Visual Analog Scale were used. For experimental application, Buzzy® was placed 3-5 cm above the injection site 30 seconds prior to subcutaneous application and then the subcutaneous application was performed. Paired samples t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: It was found that children experienced less pain when administered subcutaneously with the Buzzy® device (P = .0001). In addition, although there was no significant difference in mean saturation and blood pressure between the control and experimental
applications in the children (P >.05), there was a significant difference in mean pulse rate (P = .012) and respiratory rate (P = .003).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The application of Buzzy® in reducing pain in children during subcutaneous application was found to be an effective method.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the experiences of women who have experienced prenatal loss for the first time is important to structuring nursing care with a meaning-oriented approach and empowering these women. The aim of this research is to examine the emotions, thoughts, and experiences of women who experience prenatal loss and the meaning they place in hope.
METHODS: The sample of this research in a descriptive phenomenological design consists of 17 women who experienced prenatal loss for the first time after a planned and desired pregnancy. The data were collected between July 2017 and January 2019 with individual in-depth interviews, semi-structured interview form with personal information, and observation notes drawing guide. The data were analyzed by the thematic analysis method of Braun and Clarke.
RESULTS: From the analysis, 4 themes, 12 sub-themes, and 17 drawings were obtained. The themes were determined as “traumatic pregnancy and childbirth,” “meeting the inevitable end,” “forced farewell,” and “picture of hope.”
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Within this research, it was found that the experiences of women in the prenatal loss for the first time ranged between being hopeful and living together with hope and hopelessness. The prenatal loss was the loss of the future, hopes, and dreams about the baby and becoming a mother.

INTRODUCTION: The skin has an important role in social relations and social adaptation. For this reason, dermatological complaints can adversely affect the pregnant’ mental and social well-being leading to deterioration in the quality of life. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physiological skin changes on the quality of life during pregnancy.
METHODS: The study sample consisted of 350 pregnant women who were interviewed face-to-face in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a research and training hospital. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of questions on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, Physiological Skin Changes Questionnaire Form, and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The most common physiological skin changes experienced by pregnant women were found to be melasma (87.4%), linea nigra (83.1%), striae gravidarum (72.6%), and gingival changes (67.7%), respectively. According to Short Form-36 subscale scores, there was
a significant difference in energy/vitality (varicose veins, P = .002; androgenetic alopecia, P = .002; mental health linea nigra, P = .006; and androgenetic alopecia, P = .031), physical functioning (striae gravidarum, P = .023; P = .042; and hirsutism, P = .024), and bodily pain (melisma, P = 0.028; linea nigra, P =.016; and androgenetic alopecia, P = .000), while the total quality of life did not differ significantly according to skin changes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Physiological skin changes did not affect the general quality of life but significantly affected some subscale of the quality of life of pregnant women with striae gravidarum, pruritus, varicose veins, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia. It is recommended that pregnant women should be given care and training to prevent physiological skin changes and reduce their severity.

INTRODUCTION: Training nurses with the knowledge and skills required by evidence-based nursing practices is one of the main objectives of undergraduate education. It is therefore necessary to determine the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of nursing students on evidence-based nursing and to create appropriate educational strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of nursing students on evidence-based nursing.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at a nursing faculty in Ankara between May and June 2018. The study sample consisted of 212 students continuing undergraduate education at the time of the study who volunteered to participate in the study. The data were collected by the researchers with the “Socio-Demographic Information Form” and “Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors of Nursing Students Towards Evidence-Based Nursing Scale.” Data were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, and minimum-maximum values for continuous variables and as number and percentage values for categorical variables. Conformity of the data to normal distribution was analyzed by “Kolmogorov–Smirnov” and “Shapiro–Wilk” tests. “Mann–Whitney U” test was used to compare variables
that did not show normal distribution. P <.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses.
RESULTS: Of the students, 94.8% were female, and the mean age was 22.51 ± 0.52 years. Majority of the students had mobile phones (99%) and internet access at home or in the dormitory (93.9%). In addition, it was determined that the students used the internet (87.7%, 112 ± 0.32 minutes per day), books (79.7%), library (48.6%), and journals (19.8%) to obtain medical information. When the sub-dimension scores of “Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors of Nursing Students Towards Evidence-Based Nursing Scale” were examined, sub-dimensions with scores in descending order were knowledge (5.27 ± 0.69), future use (4.86 ± 0.63), attitude (2.66 ± 0.99), and practice (2.59 ± 0.84).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it was found that nursing students understood the knowledge they gained about evidence-based nursing and had the tendency to use this approach in their professional lives, but they were lacking in developing attitudes toward evidence-based nursing and accessing medical/nursing evidence. Therefore, it will be highly beneficial to plan trainings and provide clinical guidance for students to access evidence-based nursing practices and transfer these to their respective field of practice.

INTRODUCTION: Preterm labor is an important problem in terms of neonatal mortality and morbidity risk adversely affecting women who experience the threat of preterm labor. This study aimed to determine the experience, feelings, and thoughts of the women who are diagnosed with threatened preterm labor in the hospital.
METHODS: A phenomenological approach was used. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews in perinatology clinic of a research hospital. The sample consisted of 12 women diagnosed with threatened preterm labor. Content analysis was used to evaluate the data.
RESULTS: As a result of the interviews, 5 main themes were formed, namely “meaning of threatened preterm labor,” “causes of threatened preterm labor,” “problems related with threatened preterm labor,” “coping,” and “expectations and recommendations.”. Thirteen themes such as psychological burden, lifestyle change, experiencing health problems, problems related to the hospital environment, and the hospital environment were created.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study showed that threatened preterm labor influences women physically and psychologically. In the threatened preterm labor process, women expect support from both healthcare professionals and their families and friends. For this reason, it may be important for healthcare professionals to care for how women cope with threatened preterm labor. Inclusion of the family and social environment of women in the threatened preterm labor process and the support of healthcare professionals in providing information and comfort to women may contribute to the coping of women with the threatened preterm labor.

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a chronic disease where child and the family are stigmatized; financial damage occurs; family relationship and roles change; the stress levels increase and the relationships between siblings are deteriorated. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the mental state and social support of parents of children with epilepsy.
METHODS: The population of the study consists of all parents of children followed up for epilepsy in a Child Neurology Clinic, and the sample consists of 147 parents who meet the inclusion criteria of the study. The data were collected with The Personal Information Form, The Brief Symptom Inventory, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). In the evaluation of the data, Student t-test, ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests were used.
RESULTS: In the current study, the mean scores of depression, negative self, somatization, hostility, and the brief symptom inventory of the single individuals were higher than those of the married individuals. The somatization mean scores of mothers were found to be higher than those of fathers. The family subdimensions mean scores of MSPSS and the total MSPSS mean scores of the single individuals were lower than the married individuals.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was found that as the family support of parents of children with epilepsy decreased, their levels of anxiety, depression, and negative self increased. It can be said that as the social support of the parents decreases, their mental problems increase.Therefore, it could be recommended to organize social projects for these parents in order to increase their social support and support their mental state.

INTRODUCTION: Health problems caused by smoking addiction are increasing day by day. Nurses are required to plan and implement the necessary initiatives within the scope of health protection and development. In this study, it is aimed to examine the graduate dissertations on “smoking addiction/cessation” in the nursing field in Türkiye.
METHODS: In this descriptive study, answers were sought to questions such as the type of thesis, the year it was published, the department it was made by, the title and purpose, the method, the result, and the recommendations of the theses made in the field of nursing on smoking addiction/cessation. Within the aim of the research, 28 theses were examined and the results were presented as numbers and percentages.
RESULTS: The study included 18 master’s dissertations and 10 philosophy of doctorate dissertations, which were granted access by authors at the National Dissertation Center of Higher Education Institution. It was determined that the titles of dissertations were inclusive of the aim and results of the study; 73.60% of master’s dissertations were descriptive and 75% of doctorate dissertations were randomized controlled experimental studies. It was determined that the studies were conducted predominantly on nurses/nursing students; mainly socio-demographic data forms, questionnaire forms, and scales were used in data collection.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The majority of graduate dissertations in the field of nursing consisted of master’s dissertations (64.29%), and descriptive type research method was mainly used (50%). Mostly, nurses/nursing students were selected as samples in the dissertations. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the number of randomized controlled experimental studies regarding smoking addiction/cessation with samples out of nurses/nursing students and conduct studies with different and broad groups.

INTRODUCTION: Internet use has become widespread among young people, and internet addiction has become one of the most common social problems. Internet addiction of students can change the purpose of social media use and create feelings of loneliness. In this study, it was aimed to identify the relationship of Internet addiction with social media use purposes and loneliness levels in adolescents.
METHODS: The analytical cross-sectional type study was conducted with 520 students who agreed to participate in the study and attended the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of 6 high schools in the province of Erzincan, Turkey, during the 2017-2018 academic year. The “UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form,” “Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form,” “Social Media Use Purposes Scale,” and “Question Form” were used in the study. In the analysis of the data, numbers, percentage, minimum and maximum values, mean and standard deviations, the analysis of variance, independent-samples t-test, and correlation analysis were used.
RESULTS: A statistically significant, positive, and weak relationship was found between the Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form score and the interaction between individuals sub-scale (r = 0.359, P <.001) and the total score of the Social Media Use Purposes Scale (r = 0.236, P <.001). A statistically significant, positive, and weak relationship was found between the Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form score and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form score (r = 0.181, P <.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As the Internet addiction increases, the use of social media for interaction between individuals and loneliness also increases. Therefore, information about the Internet use statuses of students should be collected in schools periodically from the students and parents, and awareness of students and parents should be raised regarding the Internet addiction.

INTRODUCTION: The image of nursing can determine the limits of the profession and reflect the value of a professional nurse. It is essential to determine the professional image perceptions of nursing students in order to reveal their professional profile. This study was conducted to determine the professional image perceptions of nursing students.
METHODS: This research is a descriptive study carried out with 538 students studying at the nursing department of a foundation university and volunteering to participate in the study. The research data were collected using the “Personal Information Form” and “Image Scale for the Nursing Profession.” The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, oneway analysis of variance, t-test, and Scheffe’s test as post hoc analysis.
RESULTS: It was determined that the students scored 159.04 ± 17.61 points on the Image Scale for the Nursing Profession, and the subscale of professional qualifications had the highest mean score (48.51 ± 5.39), while the subscale of professional status had the lowest mean score (11.08 ± 2.87). Significant differences were found in the “Professional Qualifications” subscale according to the students’ gender variable, in the “Image Scale for the Nursing Profession and its subscales” according to the grade variable, in the “Education” subscale according to the variable of selecting the department willingly, in the “Professional Status” subscale according to the reason for choosing the department, and the “Education,” “Professional Status,” and “Appearance” subscales according to the status of changing the
department (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The students’ nursing image score averages were at a good level. The image perception of first-year nursing students was low, and role modeling in theoretical and clinical training should be provided by orientation programs, and for new students, adaptation training should be provided.

Published in 1963, Robert Butler’s article titled “Life Review” laid the foundation for reminiscence therapy. Based on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which maintains that for the older people, past memories are not a negative experience; in his later years, Butler emphasized the importance of turning one’s past negative emotions into positive ones to attain self-integrity. Although it originally emerged as a psychoanalytic concept, reminiscence therapy has been used as a component of nursing in longterm care institutions for older people. According to the practice standards published by the American Nurses Association in 1994 and 1995, reminiscence therapy entered the field of standard nursing practice. The Nursing Interventions Classification System stated that reminiscence therapy has an independent role as an intervention that has positive effects on the older people. In our country, reminiscence therapy is used as an intervention that nurses can apply independently, and it was defined in the Regulation on the Amendment of the Nursing Regulation dated April 19, 2011, and published in the official gazette. The benefits of reminiscence therapy, which is preferred because it is cost-effective and suitable in terms of time management and can be applied by multidisciplinary professional groups, continue to be revealed with the studies carried out, and its applicability increases gradually due to the lack of harmful results. The aim of the this review to guide nurses and other health professionals about reminiscence therapy.

Nursing theories aim to increase the quality of care while improving nursing practices. Integrative nursing, which constitutes the application area of holistic philosophy, is a complex health care system that evaluates the individual with his environment, supports his innate healing capacity, emphasizes the healing power of nature, advocates person-centered and relationship-based care, includes the most appropriate evidence-based healing therapies, and provides interdisciplinary cooperation. This nursing approach is described as “a way of being-knowing-doing” that improves the health and wellbeing of the individual, family, and society through care and therapeutic relationships. Integrative nursing, whose main framework is formed by 6 principles, can be considered as an application theory based on previous theories. Applying integrative nursing principles into practice and planning nursing care according to these principles can present quality care and provide a theory-based care. In this review, it is aimed to explain how to use integrative nursing principles in the clinic/field, their compatibility with other theories and models, the interventions that can be applied, and what can be done in the measurement of results.

Disability is a negative situation that prevents and limits the activities that are expected to be performed by an individual according to his/her age, gender, and social and cultural status as a result of a damage or disability. There are many diseases within the scope of disability and mental disability. One of these diseases is cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder of tone, force, motion, and posture due to damage to the central nervous system, which is determined in infancy. Orem’s self-care deficiency theory is a general theory that includes 3 separate nursing theories: self-care theory, self-care failure theory, and nursing systems theory. In addition, according to this theory, people have 3 types of self-care needs: universal self-care needs, self-care needs in deviations from health, and developmental self-care needs. In this case report, data of an 8-year-old boy patient who was followed up in the pediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy were collected according to Orem’s self-care deficiency theory, and the attempts and applications were made according to this theory. The purpose of this case report is to apply nursing care to a child with cerebral palsy according to Orem’s self-care deficiency theory.

Stroke, which is accepted as an important health problem, especially in developed countries, ranks third after coronary artery diseases when the causes of death in the world are examined. Long-term care requirements are increasing due to physical and emotional losses caused by stroke. Considering the severe disability and limitations present at the time of stroke in performing activities of daily living, it has been stated that caregivers experience a high level of physical, psychological, and social burden and uncertainty. In this article, it is aimed to provide care to a patient with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke within the framework of uncertainty theory, and the necessary permissions and informed consent form were obtained by the researcher before the data collection phase.