INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the care plans and interviews of intern nurses practicing in the psychiatry clinic in terms of caregiver patient relatives.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of psychiatry nursing intern students of the nursing department of a public university (n = 230). In the study, the data were obtained from the clinic practice files of the patients for whom the students provided care (n = 237 files). The data were obtained between July and September 2018 from the patient information form, care plan, and interview reports prepared based on Gordon’sFunctionalHealthPatternsModelusedby intern nurses in clinic practice. A structured data collection form prepared by the researchers was used to collect data. The data were assessed using the SPSS 20.0 package program. Number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used in the data assessment.
RESULTS: It was determined that 1178 nursing diagnoses were reported in the care plans. These diagnoses for caregiver patient relatives (n = 108; 9.2%) focus on the domain of Role relationships and Coping/Stress tolerance. Of the interviews made by students, 21.7% were about the patient relatives. These interviews were conducted with the patients about their caregiver relatives (92.5%) or directly with the caregiver patient relatives (7.5%). The purpose of 47.2% of the interviews made with the patients on their caregiver relatives was “to get information on the family structure.” It was aimed to “get information on the patient/medical history” in 40%of the interviews made by the intern nurses directly with the caregiver patient relatives. “Strengths and weaknesses of the caregiver patient relatives” were examined in 27% of the examined care plan and interviews.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that the rate of collaboration with the caregiver patient relatives was considerably low in the practice of the intern nurses in the psychiatry clinic. For this reason, it is considered necessary to guide and support intern nurses in clinic practice to increase collaboration with the caregiver patient relatives.

INTRODUCTION: This research was conducted to develop Attitude Scale toward People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired İmmune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), which would determine university students’ attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS.
METHODS: This methodological research was carried out at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University between October 2017 and June 2018. The 25-item draft scale created in line with literature was applied to 286 students from different departments. Cronbach Alpha value was used for reliability analysis. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to analyze construct validity. Test-retest reliability coefficient was evaluated by Pearson Correlation and dependent-samples t-test. Independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskall−Wallis tests were used to analyze data on students’ attitude scores.
RESULTS: As a result of AFA, structure with 4 sub-dimensions and 18 items were obtained. This structure explained 59.83% of total variance. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was calculated as 0.85. Compliance index values for the CFA results were NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.060, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.87, SRMR = 0.089. In test−retest reliability analysis, it was determined that scale gave similar results in repeated measurements at different times (r = 0.783, P <.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This scale was determined to be a valid and reliable measurement tool in deter-mining university students’ attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS.

INTRODUCTION: Aim: This study aimed to determine maternal attachment level and its related factors in the mothers of premature neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for a long time.

METHODS: Methods: This was an analytic study carried out during June to November 2017 in the NICU of three state University Hospitals in Konya. The participants consisted of 127 mothers of premature neonates who had been hospitalized for at least 30 days. Data were collected by the Neonatal-Maternal Data Sheet and the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI). The depen-dent variable of the study was the MAI score, and the independent variables were the characteristics of the mother and the neonates. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean ± standard deviation, and multiple regressions. A P of less than.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS: Results: The maternal attachment mean scores of mothers were 99.09 ± 7.32. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 104, according to which can be said that the attachment level of the mothers is good. No correlation was found between the character-istics of neonates and maternal attachment score (P >.05). The result of regression analysis showed that the frequency of the mother’s visit of the neonate, income level, hugging the neonate, maternal age, and the number of pregnancies had a significant association with the maternal attachment score (P <.05).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Our results confirmed that a decrease in the frequency of mothers visiting and hugging neonate, a decrease in income level, as well as an increase in maternal age and the number of pregnancies may pose a risk for mother-neonate attachment. So, it is suggested that nurses encourage mothers to visit, hug, and breastfeed their neonates to improve mother-neonate attachment. In addition, hospital administrations should provide family-centered care infrastructures to improve maternal attachment.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this research is to identify the obstacles that patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes face in diabetes management.

METHODS: The population of the study consisted of 244 patients who applied to internal medicine clinics of the Public Hospital in Nevşehir between December 2018 and September 2019 with diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. The Patient Identification Form and the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) were used to collect the data. In data analysis, percent, mean, and standard deviation were used for descriptive analyses, and Independent samples t-test and One-way ANOVA test were used for comparisons.

RESULTS: The DOQ sub-scale scores of the individuals included in the study were found as 16.75 ± 49.18 for self-monitoring, 25.92 ± 37.31 for diagnosis, 13.40 ± 34.46 for lifestyle changes, and 33.96 ± 30.93 for coping. It was found that women faced more disabilities than men (P <.05) at diagnosis sub-scale; 60 years old and over faced more obstacles at knowledge and beliefs and lifestyle changes sub-scales; the single group faced more obstacles than the married group (P <.05) at medication sub-scale; the group that did not comply with the diet and exercise was the group that encountered the obstacles most in all sub-scales except for diagnosis sub-scale (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was found that the patients encountered the most obstacles related to coping with diabetes, diagnosis, self-monitoring, and lifestyle changes. It has been identified that variables such as gender, age, marital status, exercise status, and adherence to diet affect the barriers patients face in diabetes management. It is recommended to support patients in diabetes management more and to plan nursing education considering the individual differences and conditions related to the areas they perceive as obstacles.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the status of intern nurses to protect and maintain patient privacy and affecting factors.
METHODS: The study planned as cross-sectional study and conducted between December 2017 and February 2018 at a nursing faculty in Turkey. In the collection of data, 252 intern nurses were reached. The data of the study were gathered by questionnaire method using “Individual Identification Form,” Intern Nursing Students’ Information Form Related to Privacy,” and “Patient Privacy Scale”. In statistical analysis, frequency, mean and standard deviation, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test were used.
RESULTS: Of the intern nurses, 82.5% were female and their ages were in the range of 21-24 years. The mean score of the Patient Privacy Scale of them was 4.56 ± 0.40. In the subscales, “physical privacy” displayed the highest mean score (4.67 ± 0.47), while “gender-related privacy” was the lowest (4.41 ± 0.51). In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the variables of Patient Privacy Scale total score, gender, hospitalization experience, having knowledge about privacy, believing privacy was always necessary and meeting the privacy needs of their patients variables (P <.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the intern nurses’ approaches to protect and maintain patient privacy were found to be positive. It should be observed whether this is reflected in care during clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine the prenatal distress levels of pregnant women with gestational hypertension.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in 70 pregnant women with gestational hypertension, whose gestational week is at least 20 weeks, at Ankara University Prenatal Outpatient Clinic in Ankara between April 15 and May 24, 2019. A questionnaire form and the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, the independent samples t-test, ANOVA, the Mann–Whitney U-test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The pregnant women’s mean prenatal distress mean scores were 13.80 ± 4.74. As their age and number of living children increased, their prenatal distress mean scores increased. On the other hand, as their husbands’ education levels increased, their prenatal distress mean scores decreased (P >.05). The prenatal distress mean scores of the women being primigravid, unplanned pregnancies, and smoked were high (P >.05). The prenatal distress mean scores of the women whose fetuses had health problems were higher than those of the women whose fetuses were healthy (P <.001). Of the women, 84.3% said not to receive information about gestational hypertension from the nurse.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The pregnant women’s distress levels were moderate. It is important for the nurses to evaluate for the prenatal distress of pregnant women with gestational hypertension. To reduce pregnant women’s prenatal distress levels, they should be informed about gestational hypertension through educational programs.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to examine the relationship between nursing students’ entrepreneurship tendencies and A-B type personality traits.
METHODS: The study is cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design type. The sample of the study consisted of 642 nursing students. Personal information form, Entrepreneurship Scale, and A-B Personality Traits Screening Test were used as data collection tools. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS 24 program.
RESULTS: It was determined that the entrepreneurship scale mean scores of nursing students were 3.51 ± 0.40 from and more than half of their (%58.4) had type B personality. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between A-B type personality traits of nursing students and self-confidence (P <.001), innovation (P <.01), need to succeed (P <.001) subscales, and total scale scores (P <.001). It has been determined that there is a statistically significant difference between in the entrepreneurship tendencies of nursing students and A and B type personality traits (P <.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been determined that the entrepreneurship tendencies of nursing students are above average and more than half of them have type B personality. In addition, it has been identified that nursing students with type A personality have higher entrepreneurship tendencies.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out as a descriptive in order to determine biopsychosocial and spiritual care requirements of patients who underwent surgery for femoral fracture using Functional Health Patterns and to establish anxiety and depression levels.
METHODS: The study was conducted in the orthopedics clinic in Sivas Cumhuriyet University Health Services Application and ResearchHospital with 52 patients. In the data analyses, frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-Square Test were used.
RESULTS: It was determined that all patients had impaired physical movement, 98.1% had self-care deficit, 94.1% had constipation, 86.5% had imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements, 84.6% experienced pain with a severity 5.29 ± 2.12, 82.7% had sleep deprivation, 59.6%had ineffective role performance, and 55.8% had disturbed body image. It was established that 46.2% of the patients experienced anxiety and 34.6% experienced depression. It was determined that the rates of anxiety were higher in individuals with constipation and diarrhea and inability to cope with stress; the rate of depression was higher in individuals with pain and the rates of both anxiety and depression were higher in individuals with impaired body image.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study found that nearly half of the participants experienced anxiety, individuals with constipation and diarrhea, and inability to cope with stress were risky groups for anxiety, individuals with pain were risky groups for depression, and individuals with impaired body image were risky groups for anxiety and depression. Orthopedic and traumatology nurses’ holistic assessment of the care requirements of patients with femoral fractures using models such as Functional Health Patterns, planning appropriate care interventions for these requirements, identifying risky groups in terms of anxiety and depression and taking initiatives to reduce possible risks will contribute to prevent complication, decrease mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, care costs and to increase care quality.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this scoping review was to examine the results of studies on innovative approaches to clinical nursing education in Turkey.


METHODS: The research was based on the comprehensive research protocol proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed, Ovid, Ebsco, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Ulakbim, Turk Medline, and Dergi Park databases were screened.
RESULTS: Fifty-one research articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Studies in Turkey focus on the innovative approaches of simulation (25), distance learning (8), clinical guidance (7), concept map (4), peer coaching (4), and reflective thinking (3).
Conclusion: It has been determined that innovative approaches in clinical nursing education improve psychomotor skills, increase communication skills as well as reduce anxiety, and students’ opinions about related methods are positive. In addition to the positive results of the studies, it was found that experimental designs with high evidence value were insufficient.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been determined that innovative approaches in clinical nursing education improve psychomotor skills, increase communication skills as well as reduce anxiety, and students’ opinions about related methods are positive. In addition to the positive results of the studies, it was found that experimental designs with high evidence value were insufficient.

In the developing and changing world, it is very important to present information to the service of humanity. Scientific articles, one of the ways of conveying information in written form, are defined as a written and published report describing original research results. The writing of a scientific research paper is a professional nature but very difficult task that requires significant knowledge, experience, and skill. The most important point that the researcher should know for scientific articles is that the article is scientific in nature and clear that the readers can understand. The accepted order in a scientific research article written in accordance with the writing criteria is title, abstract, introduction, material-method, results, discussion, and references, and each section has its own specific writing rules. The discussion section, which is among the article sections, is the most difficult part to write, although it is easy to write in terms of content. In this section, the researcher should critically investigate his own results and those of other researchers and interpret his conclusions from a scientific point of view. In this section, the researcher conveys his views, acceptances, and criticisms on the subject to the reader and the scientific world. In this review, it is aimed to emphasize the elements that should be included in the discussion section of a quantitative research article in line with the literature, and some important points to make the article attractive and acceptable for publication, especially for researchers who are just starting out in research writing.

Evidence-based education consists of both using evidence to guide teaching practice and generating new evidence through research. It is seen that evidence-based education methods differ in the process of providing a better nursing competency to nursing students. The use of films in education is among the evidence-based education methods for nursing students. In different studies on the use of film in nursing education, it has been found that the use of film increases the knowledge level of the students, creates an active, experiential, and reflective learning environment, gives the students empathy and solution-oriented thinking competence, and enables the students to interact with the people in the film. In this review, studies on the use of film in nursing education in Turkey were examined and it was determined that very few studies were conducted.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare, life-threatening, and rapidly developing skin diseases that are generally triggered by medications and characterized by epidermal separation and mucosal involvement. The cause of epidermal damage is the apoptosis of keratinocytes. This damage is frequently caused by medications or infections. The most common cause of infection is Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The most common drugs that cause damage are anticonvulsants, sulfonamide group antibiotics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The disease starts with symptoms such as fever and flu symptoms. Mucosal involvement begins within 1-7 days. Although there are many options for treatment of the disease, there is no drug with proven efficacy. Systemic treatment and appropriate nursing care are recommended in the approach to the disease. Recently, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and corticosteroids have been considered as an effective treatment. In nursing care, protecting the skin from infections, providing optimal body temperature, providing appropriate oral and eye care, and pain management are among the primary issues. The aim of this study is to provide up-to-date information about pathophysiology, clinical signs, treatment, and nursing care of SJS and TEN, for which early diagnosis and treatment are important due to the lack of its own unique symptoms and clinical picture to the literature by reviewing the related literature.

Gerontechnology designs technological equipment suitable for the needs of the older people whose psychomotor, perceptual, and cognitive abilities deteriorate with age. Gerontechnology improves the quality of life of such people both physically and socially and gains them independence by providing necessary technological products taking the needs of older people into account. The use of technology brings about many advantages for older people, which enables them to maintain their activities of daily living, to manage chronic diseases, and to protect and improve their health. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between gerontechnology and the field of health in the light of current literature, and to draw health professionals’ attention to the contribution of support provided for older people through gerontechnology applications suitable for their needs to the general health status of older people.

With the development of information and communication technologies, mobile health (m-health) applications have become a part of traditional health applications. The use of m-health applications to improve the pregnant, fetus, mother and newborn health has increased. M-health applications are used in the preconceptional period to improve the health behaviour of couples, to follow and evaluate the health status of pregnant woman and fetus in the gestational period, to inform women about the gestational period, and to improve health life-style behavior. There are many portable m-health applications such as tele-ultrason, mobile integrated doppler device in the follow-up of pregnant women who have limited access to health services. In addition, there are mobile applications that can follow the birth symptoms of pregnant women and provide psychological support during birth. Mobile partographs are used to manage birth process effectively. There are also mobile health applications to develop clinical skills of healthcare professionals about birth process. The applications used in postpartum focus on supporting breastfeeding process, avoiding pospartum complications and postpartum depression. In this whole special process, the use of m-health applications also contributes to the development of nursing care and education, and communication between multidisciplinary teams. The aim of this review is to research mobile health applications from preconception period to postpartum period and the related nursing approach.

Active aging is a concept about maintaining and sustaining cognitive and functional abilities during the process of aging and in old age. To ensure that human beings are not detached from life, continue their societal roles, and have an effective and productive life as they age, it is important that human beings keep performing the activities that they enjoy and take pleasure in. However, it was found that no study adequately addressed the importance of the game, which is one of these activities, to active aging. Therefore, the article aims to examine the concepts of active aging and game, the contributions of the game to active aging, and the use of digital games in active aging. Hence, raising awareness about the importance of the game in the process of active aging and spreading the use of the game in this process are targeted.

The concepts of religion and spirituality play an important role in coping with cancer. The use of religious or spiritual emotions as a means of coping with cancer disease is, of course, influenced by the individual’s beliefs, which religion they belong to, or not having a religious beliefs. This situation, in a fatal disease such as cancer, reveals positive or negative religious/spiritual coping methods. In this process, patients and caregivers may have different positive and negative ways of coping, such as worship, strong belief in God, establishing spiritual relationships with other individuals in the same situation, and seeing the disease as a punishment. In cancer, both patients and caregivers are often in significant emotional, social, and spiritual distress. For this reason, spiritual care is considered as a fundamental element in providing the spiritual care for cancer patients and caregivers. However, most of the time only is focused on physical care, and the spiritual direction of cancer is ignored. However, the spiritual evaluation of cancer patients and caregivers by health personnel, and to be directed to different disciplines when necessary, makes it easier to coping. This review describes the role of spirituality and religion on coping with cancer for patients and caregivers.

Sürekli gelişen ve değişen dünyada, teknolojik alandaki gelişmeler, kronik hastalıklar nedeniyle bakım gereksinimlerinin artması ve insan nüfusundaki artış, hastanelere olan talebi artırmaktadır. Bu yoğun talep ortamı, hastaların gereksinimi olan bakımınbirkısmınınyadatamamınınihmal edilmesi ya da ertelenmesine neden olmaktadır. “Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı” olarak adlandırılan bu durum, hem hastayı hem de hemşireyi olumsuz yönde etkileyen önemli bir sorun haline gelmektedir. Bakım uygulamaların tam ve eksiksiz olarak yapılması;hemşirenin bireysel özelliklerinden, kurumsal yapıdan, çalışma koşullarındanve ekipiçi iletişimden etkilenmektedir. Hemşirelik bakımınınher boyutununhastalartarafından tam olarak değerlendirilmesinin mümkün olmaması nedeniyle hastalarınkarşılanamayan bakım uygulamalarına yönelik görüşlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla hem hemşire görüşlerine başvurulmuş hem de olumsuz hasta sonuçları incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda karşılanamayan bakım uygulamalarının, hastanın yaşam kalitesini ve güvenliğini etkileyen nazokomiyal enfeksiyonlar, düşmeler, ilaç hataları ve basınç yaralanmaları gibi olumsuz sonuçlara neden olduğusaptanmıştır. Aynı zamanda hemşirelerin de bu durumdan kaynaklı olarak iş doyumlarınınazaldığı,pişmanlık, suçluluk, hayal kırıklığı gibi emosyonel travma yaşadıkları bildirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, karşılanamayan bakım uygulamaları,bakımın kalitesini ve hasta/hemşire sağlığını tehdit eden ihmal/hata olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu makalede, karşılanamayan bakımkavramı/uygulamaları,karşılanamayan bakım uygulamalarının nedenleri, hasta ve hemşireye etkisi tartışılmıştır.